# Frames, scripts, scenarios, models, spaces and other animals: Bridging conceptual divides between the cognitive, social and computational Canonical page: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals - SlideShare title: Frames, scripts, scenarios, models, spaces and other animals: Bridging concep... - Talk date: Not established - SlideShare upload: 2013-04-07 (upload date, not the delivery date) - Event: Not established - Place: Not established - Topics: Language & meaning - Language: en - Slides in the original listing: 51 - Coverage: Full text of all 51 slides, each paired with its original slide image (slide N is section N). - Original listing: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/frames-and-other-animals/18341846 - Cover image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-01.png - Reader data (JSON): https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/presentation.json - TalkWeaver package (outline and images, ZIP): https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals/frames-and-other-animals-talkweaver.zip - TalkWeaver outline: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals/talkweaver/frames-and-other-animals-outline.md ## Slide 1: Frames, scripts, scenarios, models, spaces and other animals: Bridging conceptual divides between the cognitive, social and computational Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-1 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-01.png Dominik Lukeš, @techczech ## Slide 2: Caveats Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-2 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-02.png ## Slide 3: Caveats Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-3 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-03.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) Avoid **reduction through redescription**. I.e. Don’t call things in other disciplines a frame and claim to have solved their problems. ## Slide 4: Caveats Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-4 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-04.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) Differentiate between **hermeneutics** and **heuristics**. I.e. principles of understanding are distinct from methods of arriving at that understanding. ## Slide 5: What is a frame? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-5 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-05.png ## Slide 6: What is a frame? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-6 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-06.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - “Structure of expectation” Tannen, 1993 - “frames are basic cognitive structures which guide the perception and representation of reality” - Interpretation of Goffman - ## Slide 7: Mostly overlapping concepts Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-7 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-07.png ## Slide 8: Mostly overlapping concepts Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-8 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-08.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - **Frame** (Goffman, Lakoff, Schon) - **Idealized Cognitive Model** (Lakoff) - **Mental Model** (cognitive pscyhologists) - **Mental Space** (Fauconnier) - **World** (text world, possible world) - (Werth) ## Slide 9: Partially overlapping concepts Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-9 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-09.png ## Slide 10: Partially overlapping concepts Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-10 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-10.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - Schema - Script - Scenario - Domain - Footing (Goffman) - Prototype (psychology) - Exemplar (phonology) - Presupposition - Metaphor (Outward bound) - Gestalt (psychology) - Construct (as in constructivist psychology) - Case (as in "case-based reasoning") - Stereotype - Perspective - Ability to see something in a \_\_\_\_ way ## Slide 11: Concepts relying on something like a frame Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-11 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-11.png ## Slide 12: Concepts relying on something like a frame Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-12 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-12.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - Discourse (as in "dominant discourses") - Narrative (as in "prevailing narrative", "fit into a narrative") - Family resemblance - Episodic memory - Priming - Identity - Cognitive dissonance - Contestation - Construction - Historical memory - Folk theory - Theory - Paradigm - Metanarrative - Foucault's archeology of the mind - Culture - Grammar (as in “grammar of schooling”) - Archetype (psychology) - Persuasion - Prejudices - The Other - Historical Imagination - Myth - Role model ## Slide 13: Disciplines using frame-like concepts Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-13 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-13.png ## Slide 14: Disciplines using frame-like concepts Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-14 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-14.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - Artificial Intelligence - Ethnography/Anthropology - Art history - Cognitive psychology - Social psychology - Linguistics - Sociology - History of science - Therapeutic psychology - Logic - Political theory - Behavioral economics - Media theory ## Slide 15: Disciplines using frame-like concepts Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-15 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-15.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - Rhetoric - Law - Pedagogy - Organization studies - Policy studies ## Slide 16: What is a frame? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-16 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-16.png ## Slide 17: What is a frame? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-17 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-17.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) **Fundamental non-atomic element** of mental, social, emotional and physical action susceptible to mental operations similar to those intuitively described as reasoning. ## Slide 18: What is a frame? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-18 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-18.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - Fundamental basic-level unit of mental representation. - Both conscious and unconscious. ## Slide 19: What does a frame look like? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-19 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-19.png ## Slide 20: What does a frame look like? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-20 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-20.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - Idealized Cognitive Model is not a bad start. - Enriched by episodic memory, discursive psychology, social anthropology, and corpus linguistics ## Slide 21: What does a frame look like? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-21 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-21.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - Propositional aspects - Image aspects - Figurative aspects - Meronymic aspects - Metacognitive aspects ## Slide 22: What does a frame look like? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-22 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-22.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - Definitions - Narratives - Rich images - Image schemas - Metaphors - Analogies - Collocations - Links to related concepts - Awareness of social links ## Slide 23: What does a frame do as part of reasoning? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-23 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-23.png ## Slide 24: What does a frame do as part of reasoning? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-24 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-24.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) Something like blending theory is a good start but needs input from discursive psychology and social psychology. ## Slide 25: What does a frame do as part of human action? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-25 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-25.png ## Slide 26: What does a frame do as part of human action? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-26 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-26.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - Construction grammar is a good start. - Frames are the semantic poles of meaning/form links in symbolic units. ## Slide 27: What is missing from most frame theories? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-27 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-27.png ## Slide 28: What is missing from most frame theories? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-28 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-28.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - Notion of an inventory of frames and inventory only properties - Hypostasis and negotiation (frame negotiation) - Social as well as psychological dimension - Variation in accessibility - Acquisition ## Slide 29: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-29 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-29.png ## Slide 30: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-30 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-30.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) > Since 2002, it has been the official practice at Fox News to refer to attacks like the one at Moscow’s Domodedovo airport this week, in which a bomber blows himself up along with his victims, as **“homicide bombings.”** In adopting the terminology, Fox took its cues from the Bush White House, which felt the more commonly used **“suicide bombings” gave undue attention to the fate of the bomber**. ## Slide 31: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-31 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-31.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) **bombing** Killing of people. Done at a distance. Unlawful connotation unless by military. **suicide** Killing of self. Usually in private by individual means. For personal reason. Connotations of sadness and grief. ## Slide 32: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-32 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-32.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) **suicide bombing** Killing of people. Done by an individual carrying a bomb. Likely to die in the attack. Associated with people belonging to movements. Negative connotations. Associated with discursive practices not inherited from those of suicide. The homicide aspect of bombing takes over. ## Slide 33: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-33 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-33.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) **homicide bombing** Removes explicitly possibility of recovering frame aspects (discursive practices) blended away in suicide bombing. ## Slide 34: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-34 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-34.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) > inside the structure of military rhetoric, a 'suicide mission' occupies a place of honor: to sacrifice one's life for the cause is regarded as noble, by the partisans of 'war.' Think of the Alamo, or the 300... > > A suicide bomber partakes in some of the "Lost Cause" nobility. > > Whereas a "homicide" bomber may (must?) be regarded merely as a murderous psychopath. There is no chance that the act could be thought "noble." A "homicide" bomber cannot be a martyr... ## Slide 35: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-35 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-35.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) What knowledge is required to make sense of frame blends? ## Slide 36: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-36 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-36.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - I teach civil war - I teach public policy - I teach French - I teach shooting - I teach guns ## Slide 37: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-37 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-37.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) What is the nature of knowledge necessary to interpret framing. ## Slide 38: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-38 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-38.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) ![Four photographs of dumplings, arranged in a two-by-two grid: filled dumplings on a plate, fruit-filled dumplings, sliced pale dumplings beside meat and sauce, and yellow sliced dumplings beside meat and cabbage.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/media/page-38.png) ## Slide 39: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-39 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-39.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - fruit dumplings - meat dumplings - bread dumplings - potato dumplings - cheese-curd dumplings - hairy dumplings ## Slide 40: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-40 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-40.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) ![A plate of roughly rounded, pale dumplings with golden patches.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/media/img-c907dfc61100a7e3.jpeg) ## Slide 41: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-41 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-41.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) Interplay of propositional knowledge, force dynamics, scale schemas, rich images. ## Slide 42: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-42 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-42.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - The Normans conquered Britain - The Browns conquered Britain - The Beatles conquered Britain ## Slide 43: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-43 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-43.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - Nazi Holocaust - Jewish Holocaust - Hungarian Holocaust - Spanish Holocaust ## Slide 44: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-44 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-44.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) > I drink too much, last time I gave a urine sample, it had an olive in it. > > Rodney Dangerfield ## Slide 45: Examples of framing and frame analysis Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-45 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-45.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) > I learned this summer that peeing in the pool and peeing INTO the pool are very different things. > > Demetri Martin ## Slide 46: Conclusion: Why are frames useful? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-46 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-46.png ## Slide 47: Conclusion: Why are frames useful? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-47 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-47.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) Non-reductionist analysis of issues in the humanities ## Slide 48: Conclusion: Why are frames useful? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-48 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-48.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) Remind us what else to look for in the conceptualizations. E.g. schemas have associated rich images, narratives, and propositional content. ## Slide 49: Conclusion: Why are frames useful? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-49 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-49.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) Prevent debates about questions assuming traditional concepts requiring logical operations are at play. For instance definitions. ## Slide 50: Further research needed? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-50 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-50.png ## Slide 51: Further research needed? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/frames-and-other-animals#section-51 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-51.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - Cognitive psychology of framing - Memory of frames - Priming - Habituation and embodiment - Individual variation - Frame negotiation Collections: [Linguistics, metaphor and cognition](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/?collection=linguistics)