{
  "title": "Frames, scripts, scenarios, models, spaces and other animals: Bridging conceptual divides between the cognitive, social and computational",
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "section-1",
      "title": "Frames, scripts, scenarios, models, spaces and other animals: Bridging conceptual divides between…",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 1",
      "html": "<h3>Frames, scripts, scenarios, models, spaces and other animals: Bridging conceptual divides between the cognitive, social and computational</h3><p>Dominik Lukeš, @techczech</p><p><a href=\"http://metaphorhacker.net\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http://metaphorhacker.net</a></p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=1\">View original slide 1</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-2",
      "title": "Caveats",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 2",
      "html": "<h3>Caveats</h3><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=2\">View original slide 2</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-3",
      "title": "Caveats",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 3",
      "html": "<p>Avoid <strong>reduction through redescription</strong>. I.e. Don’t call things in other disciplines a frame and claim to have solved their problems.</p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=3\">View original slide 3</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-4",
      "title": "Caveats",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 4",
      "html": "<p>Differentiate between <strong>hermeneutics</strong> and <strong>heuristics</strong>. I.e. principles of understanding are distinct from methods of arriving at that understanding.</p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=4\">View original slide 4</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-5",
      "title": "What is a frame?",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 5",
      "html": "<h3>What is a frame?</h3><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=5\">View original slide 5</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-6",
      "title": "What is a frame?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 6",
      "html": "<ul><li>“Structure of expectation” Tannen, 1993</li><li>“frames are basic cognitive structures which guide the perception and representation of reality”</li><li>Interpretation of Goffman</li><li><a href=\"http://www.ccsr.ac.uk/methods/publications/frameanalysis/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http://www.ccsr.ac.uk/methods/publications/frameanalysis/</a></li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=6\">View original slide 6</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-7",
      "title": "Mostly overlapping concepts",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 7",
      "html": "<h3>Mostly overlapping concepts</h3><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=7\">View original slide 7</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-8",
      "title": "Mostly overlapping concepts",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 8",
      "html": "<ul><li><strong>Frame</strong> (Goffman, Lakoff, Schon)</li><li><strong>Idealized Cognitive Model</strong> (Lakoff)</li><li><strong>Mental Model</strong> (cognitive pscyhologists)</li><li><strong>Mental Space</strong> (Fauconnier)</li><li><strong>World</strong> (text world, possible world) - (Werth)</li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=8\">View original slide 8</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-9",
      "title": "Partially overlapping concepts",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 9",
      "html": "<h3>Partially overlapping concepts</h3><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=9\">View original slide 9</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-10",
      "title": "Partially overlapping concepts",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 10",
      "html": "<ul><li>Schema</li><li>Script</li><li>Scenario</li><li>Domain</li><li>Footing (Goffman)</li><li>Prototype (psychology)</li><li>Exemplar (phonology)</li><li>Presupposition</li><li>Metaphor (Outward bound)</li><li>Gestalt (psychology)</li><li>Construct (as in constructivist psychology)</li><li>Case (as in \"case-based reasoning\")</li><li>Stereotype</li><li>Perspective</li><li>Ability to see something in a ____ way</li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=10\">View original slide 10</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-11",
      "title": "Concepts relying on something like a frame",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 11",
      "html": "<h3>Concepts relying on something like a frame</h3><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=11\">View original slide 11</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-12",
      "title": "Concepts relying on something like a frame",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 12",
      "html": "<ul><li>Discourse (as in \"dominant discourses\")</li><li>Narrative (as in \"prevailing narrative\", \"fit into a narrative\")</li><li>Family resemblance</li><li>Episodic memory</li><li>Priming</li><li>Identity</li><li>Cognitive dissonance</li><li>Contestation</li><li>Construction</li><li>Historical memory</li><li>Folk theory</li><li>Theory</li><li>Paradigm</li><li>Metanarrative</li><li>Foucault's archeology of the mind</li><li>Culture</li><li>Grammar (as in “grammar of schooling”)</li><li>Archetype (psychology)</li><li>Persuasion</li><li>Prejudices</li><li>The Other</li><li>Historical Imagination</li><li>Myth</li><li>Role model</li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=12\">View original slide 12</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-13",
      "title": "Disciplines using frame-like concepts",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 13",
      "html": "<h3>Disciplines using frame-like concepts</h3><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=13\">View original slide 13</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-14",
      "title": "Disciplines using frame-like concepts",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 14",
      "html": "<ul><li>Artificial Intelligence</li><li>Ethnography/Anthropology</li><li>Art history</li><li>Cognitive psychology</li><li>Social psychology</li><li>Linguistics</li><li>Sociology</li><li>History of science</li><li>Therapeutic psychology</li><li>Logic</li><li>Political theory</li><li>Behavioral economics</li><li>Media theory</li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=14\">View original slide 14</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-15",
      "title": "Disciplines using frame-like concepts",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 15",
      "html": "<ul><li>Rhetoric</li><li>Law</li><li>Pedagogy</li><li>Organization studies</li><li>Policy studies</li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=15\">View original slide 15</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-16",
      "title": "What is a frame?",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 16",
      "html": "<h3>What is a frame?</h3><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=16\">View original slide 16</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-17",
      "title": "What is a frame?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 17",
      "html": "<p><strong>Fundamental non-atomic element</strong> of mental, social, emotional and physical action susceptible to mental operations similar to those intuitively described as reasoning.</p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=17\">View original slide 17</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-18",
      "title": "What is a frame?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 18",
      "html": "<ul><li>Fundamental basic-level unit of mental representation.</li><li>Both conscious and unconscious.</li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=18\">View original slide 18</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-19",
      "title": "What does a frame look like?",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 19",
      "html": "<h3>What does a frame look like?</h3><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=19\">View original slide 19</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-20",
      "title": "What does a frame look like?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 20",
      "html": "<ul><li>Idealized Cognitive Model is not a bad start.</li><li>Enriched by episodic memory, discursive psychology, social anthropology, and corpus linguistics</li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=20\">View original slide 20</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-21",
      "title": "What does a frame look like?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 21",
      "html": "<ul><li>Propositional aspects</li><li>Image aspects</li><li>Figurative aspects</li><li>Meronymic aspects</li><li>Metacognitive aspects</li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=21\">View original slide 21</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-22",
      "title": "What does a frame look like?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 22",
      "html": "<ul><li>Definitions</li><li>Narratives</li><li>Rich images</li><li>Image schemas</li><li>Metaphors</li><li>Analogies</li><li>Collocations</li><li>Links to related concepts</li><li>Awareness of social links</li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=22\">View original slide 22</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-23",
      "title": "What does a frame do as part of reasoning?",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 23",
      "html": "<h3>What does a frame do as part of reasoning?</h3><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=23\">View original slide 23</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-24",
      "title": "What does a frame do as part of reasoning?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 24",
      "html": "<p>Something like blending theory is a good start but needs input from discursive psychology and social psychology.</p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=24\">View original slide 24</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-25",
      "title": "What does a frame do as part of human action?",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 25",
      "html": "<h3>What does a frame do as part of human action?</h3><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=25\">View original slide 25</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-26",
      "title": "What does a frame do as part of human action?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 26",
      "html": "<ul><li>Construction grammar is a good start.</li><li>Frames are the semantic poles of meaning/form links in symbolic units.</li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=26\">View original slide 26</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-27",
      "title": "What is missing from most frame theories?",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 27",
      "html": "<h3>What is missing from most frame theories?</h3><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=27\">View original slide 27</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-28",
      "title": "What is missing from most frame theories?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 28",
      "html": "<ul><li>Notion of an inventory of frames and inventory only properties</li><li>Hypostasis and negotiation (frame negotiation)</li><li>Social as well as psychological dimension</li><li>Variation in accessibility</li><li>Acquisition</li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=28\">View original slide 28</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-29",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 29",
      "html": "<h3>Examples of framing and frame analysis</h3><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=29\">View original slide 29</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-30",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 30",
      "html": "<blockquote><p>Since 2002, it has been the official practice at Fox News to refer to attacks like the one at Moscow’s Domodedovo airport this week, in which a bomber blows himself up along with his victims, as <strong>“homicide bombings.”</strong> In adopting the terminology, Fox took its cues from the Bush White House, which felt the more commonly used <strong>“suicide bombings” gave undue attention to the fate of the bomber</strong>.</p></blockquote><p><a href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffbercovici/2011/01/26/fox-news-cant-keep-its-made-up-propaganda-words-straight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffbercovici/2011/01/26/fox-news-cant-keep-its-made-up-propaganda-words-straight/</a></p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=30\">View original slide 30</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-31",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 31",
      "html": "<p><strong>bombing</strong></p><p>Killing of people. Done at a distance. Unlawful connotation unless by military.</p><p><strong>suicide</strong></p><p>Killing of self. Usually in private by individual means. For personal reason. Connotations of sadness and grief.</p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=31\">View original slide 31</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-32",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 32",
      "html": "<p><strong>suicide bombing</strong></p><p>Killing of people. Done by an individual carrying a bomb. Likely to die in the attack. Associated with people belonging to movements. Negative connotations.</p><p>Associated with discursive practices not inherited from those of suicide. The homicide aspect of bombing takes over.</p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=32\">View original slide 32</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-33",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 33",
      "html": "<p><strong>homicide bombing</strong></p><p>Removes explicitly possibility of recovering frame aspects (discursive practices) blended away in suicide bombing.</p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=33\">View original slide 33</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-34",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 34",
      "html": "<blockquote><p>inside the structure of military rhetoric, a 'suicide mission' occupies a place of honor: to sacrifice one's life for the cause is regarded as noble, by the partisans of 'war.' Think of the Alamo, or the 300...</p><p>A suicide bomber partakes in some of the \"Lost Cause\" nobility.</p><p>Whereas a \"homicide\" bomber may (must?) be regarded merely as a murderous psychopath. There is no chance that the act could be thought \"noble.\" A \"homicide\" bomber cannot be a martyr...</p></blockquote><p><a href=\"http://thewell-armedlamb.blogspot.co.uk/2010/01/homicide-bomber-vs-suicide-bomber-whats.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http://thewell-armedlamb.blogspot.co.uk/2010/01/homicide-bomber-vs-suicide-bomber-whats.html</a></p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=34\">View original slide 34</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-35",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 35",
      "html": "<p>What knowledge is required to make sense of frame blends?</p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=35\">View original slide 35</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-36",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 36",
      "html": "<ul><li>I teach civil war</li><li>I teach public policy</li><li>I teach French</li><li>I teach shooting</li><li>I teach guns</li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=36\">View original slide 36</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-37",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 37",
      "html": "<p>What is the nature of knowledge necessary to interpret framing.</p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=37\">View original slide 37</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-38",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 38",
      "html": "<p><img src=\"/readers/frames-and-other-animals/media/page-38.png\" alt=\"Four photographs of dumplings, arranged in a two-by-two grid: filled dumplings on a plate, fruit-filled dumplings, sliced pale dumplings beside meat and sauce, and yellow sliced dumplings beside meat and cabbage.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=38\">View original slide 38</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-39",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 39",
      "html": "<ul><li>fruit dumplings</li><li>meat dumplings</li><li>bread dumplings</li><li>potato dumplings</li><li>cheese-curd dumplings</li><li>hairy dumplings</li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=39\">View original slide 39</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-40",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 40",
      "html": "<p><img src=\"/readers/frames-and-other-animals/media/img-c907dfc61100a7e3.jpeg\" alt=\"A plate of roughly rounded, pale dumplings with golden patches.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=40\">View original slide 40</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-41",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 41",
      "html": "<p>Interplay of propositional knowledge, force dynamics, scale schemas, rich images.</p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=41\">View original slide 41</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-42",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 42",
      "html": "<ul><li>The Normans conquered Britain</li><li>The Browns conquered Britain</li><li>The Beatles conquered Britain</li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=42\">View original slide 42</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-43",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 43",
      "html": "<ul><li>Nazi Holocaust</li><li>Jewish Holocaust</li><li>Hungarian Holocaust</li><li>Spanish Holocaust</li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=43\">View original slide 43</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-44",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 44",
      "html": "<blockquote><p>I drink too much, last time I gave a urine sample, it had an olive in it.</p><p>Rodney Dangerfield</p></blockquote><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=44\">View original slide 44</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-45",
      "title": "Examples of framing and frame analysis",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 45",
      "html": "<blockquote><p>I learned this summer that peeing in the pool and peeing INTO the pool are very different things.</p><p>Demetri Martin</p></blockquote><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=45\">View original slide 45</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-46",
      "title": "Conclusion: Why are frames useful?",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 46",
      "html": "<h3>Conclusion: Why are frames useful?</h3><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=46\">View original slide 46</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-47",
      "title": "Conclusion: Why are frames useful?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 47",
      "html": "<p>Non-reductionist analysis of issues in the humanities</p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=47\">View original slide 47</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-48",
      "title": "Conclusion: Why are frames useful?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 48",
      "html": "<p>Remind us what else to look for in the conceptualizations. E.g. schemas have associated rich images, narratives, and propositional content.</p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=48\">View original slide 48</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-49",
      "title": "Conclusion: Why are frames useful?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 49",
      "html": "<p>Prevent debates about questions assuming traditional concepts requiring logical operations are at play. For instance definitions.</p><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=49\">View original slide 49</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-50",
      "title": "Further research needed?",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 50",
      "html": "<h3>Further research needed?</h3><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=50\">View original slide 50</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-51",
      "title": "Further research needed?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 51",
      "html": "<ul><li>Cognitive psychology of framing</li><li>Memory of frames</li><li>Priming</li><li>Habituation and embodiment</li><li>Individual variation</li><li>Frame negotiation</li></ul><p><a href=\"/frames-and-other-animals?mode=originals&amp;page=51\">View original slide 51</a></p>"
    }
  ],
  "pages": [
    {
      "number": 1,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-01.png",
      "text": "Frames, scripts, scenarios, models, spaces and other animals: Bridging conceptual divides between the cognitive, social and computational\n\nDominik Lukeš, @techczech\n\nhttp://metaphorhacker.net"
    },
    {
      "number": 2,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-02.png",
      "text": "Caveats"
    },
    {
      "number": 3,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-03.png",
      "text": "Avoid reduction through redescription. I.e. Don’t call things in other disciplines a frame and claim to have solved their problems."
    },
    {
      "number": 4,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-04.png",
      "text": "Differentiate between hermeneutics and heuristics. I.e. principles of understanding are distinct from methods of arriving at that understanding."
    },
    {
      "number": 5,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-05.png",
      "text": "What is a frame?"
    },
    {
      "number": 6,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-06.png",
      "text": "“Structure of expectation” Tannen, 1993\n\n“frames are basic cognitive structures which guide the perception and representation of reality”\n\nInterpretation of Goffman\n\nhttp://www.ccsr.ac.uk/methods/publications/frameanalysis/"
    },
    {
      "number": 7,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-07.png",
      "text": "Mostly overlapping concepts"
    },
    {
      "number": 8,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-08.png",
      "text": "Frame (Goffman, Lakoff, Schon)\n\nIdealized Cognitive Model (Lakoff)\n\nMental Model (cognitive pscyhologists)\n\nMental Space (Fauconnier)\n\nWorld (text world, possible world) - (Werth)"
    },
    {
      "number": 9,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-09.png",
      "text": "Partially overlapping concepts"
    },
    {
      "number": 10,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-10.png",
      "text": "Schema\n\nScript\n\nScenario\n\nDomain\n\nFooting (Goffman)\n\nPrototype (psychology)\n\nExemplar (phonology)\n\nPresupposition\n\nMetaphor (Outward bound)\n\nGestalt (psychology)\n\nConstruct (as in constructivist psychology)\n\nCase (as in \"case-based reasoning\")\n\nStereotype\n\nPerspective\n\nAbility to see something in a ____ way"
    },
    {
      "number": 11,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-11.png",
      "text": "Concepts relying on something like a frame"
    },
    {
      "number": 12,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-12.png",
      "text": "Discourse (as in \"dominant discourses\")\n\nNarrative (as in \"prevailing narrative\", \"fit into a narrative\")\n\nFamily resemblance\n\nEpisodic memory\n\nPriming\n\nIdentity\n\nCognitive dissonance\n\nContestation\n\nConstruction\n\nHistorical memory\n\nFolk theory\n\nTheory\n\nParadigm\n\nMetanarrative\n\nFoucault's archeology of the mind\n\nCulture\n\nGrammar (as in “grammar of schooling”)\n\nArchetype (psychology)\n\nPersuasion\n\nPrejudices\n\nThe Other\n\nHistorical Imagination\n\nMyth\n\nRole model"
    },
    {
      "number": 13,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-13.png",
      "text": "Disciplines using frame-like concepts"
    },
    {
      "number": 14,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-14.png",
      "text": "Artificial Intelligence\n\nEthnography/Anthropology\n\nArt history\n\nCognitive psychology\n\nSocial psychology\n\nLinguistics\n\nSociology\n\nHistory of science\n\nTherapeutic psychology\n\nLogic\n\nPolitical theory\n\nBehavioral economics\n\nMedia theory"
    },
    {
      "number": 15,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-15.png",
      "text": "Rhetoric\n\nLaw\n\nPedagogy\n\nOrganization studies\n\nPolicy studies"
    },
    {
      "number": 16,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-16.png",
      "text": "What is a frame?"
    },
    {
      "number": 17,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-17.png",
      "text": "Fundamental non-atomic element of mental, social, emotional and physical action susceptible to mental operations similar to those intuitively described as reasoning."
    },
    {
      "number": 18,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-18.png",
      "text": "Fundamental basic-level unit of mental representation.\n\nBoth conscious and unconscious."
    },
    {
      "number": 19,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-19.png",
      "text": "What does a frame look like?"
    },
    {
      "number": 20,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-20.png",
      "text": "Idealized Cognitive Model is not a bad start.\n\nEnriched by episodic memory, discursive psychology, social anthropology, and corpus linguistics"
    },
    {
      "number": 21,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-21.png",
      "text": "Propositional aspects\n\nImage aspects\n\nFigurative aspects\n\nMeronymic aspects\n\nMetacognitive aspects"
    },
    {
      "number": 22,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-22.png",
      "text": "Definitions\n\nNarratives\n\nRich images\n\nImage schemas\n\nMetaphors\n\nAnalogies\n\nCollocations\n\nLinks to related concepts\n\nAwareness of social links"
    },
    {
      "number": 23,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-23.png",
      "text": "What does a frame do as part of reasoning?"
    },
    {
      "number": 24,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-24.png",
      "text": "Something like blending theory is a good start but needs input from discursive psychology and social psychology."
    },
    {
      "number": 25,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-25.png",
      "text": "What does a frame do as part of human action?"
    },
    {
      "number": 26,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-26.png",
      "text": "Construction grammar is a good start.\n\nFrames are the semantic poles of meaning/form links in symbolic units."
    },
    {
      "number": 27,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-27.png",
      "text": "What is missing from most frame theories?"
    },
    {
      "number": 28,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-28.png",
      "text": "Notion of an inventory of frames and inventory only properties\n\nHypostasis and negotiation (frame negotiation)\n\nSocial as well as psychological dimension\n\nVariation in accessibility\n\nAcquisition"
    },
    {
      "number": 29,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-29.png",
      "text": "Examples of framing and frame analysis"
    },
    {
      "number": 30,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-30.png",
      "text": "Since 2002, it has been the official practice at Fox News to refer to attacks like the one at Moscow’s Domodedovo airport this week, in which a bomber blows himself up along with his victims, as “homicide bombings.” In adopting the terminology, Fox took its cues from the Bush White House, which felt the more commonly used “suicide bombings” gave undue attention to the fate of the bomber.\n\nhttp://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffbercovici/2011/01/26/fox-news-cant-keep-its-made-up-propaganda-words-straight/"
    },
    {
      "number": 31,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-31.png",
      "text": "bombing\n\nKilling of people. Done at a distance. Unlawful connotation unless by military.\n\nsuicide\n\nKilling of self. Usually in private by individual means. For personal reason. Connotations of sadness and grief."
    },
    {
      "number": 32,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-32.png",
      "text": "suicide bombing\n\nKilling of people. Done by an individual carrying a bomb. Likely to die in the attack. Associated with people belonging to movements. Negative connotations.\n\nAssociated with discursive practices not inherited from those of suicide. The homicide aspect of bombing takes over."
    },
    {
      "number": 33,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-33.png",
      "text": "homicide bombing\n\nRemoves explicitly possibility of recovering frame aspects (discursive practices) blended away in suicide bombing."
    },
    {
      "number": 34,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-34.png",
      "text": "inside the structure of military rhetoric, a 'suicide mission' occupies a place of honor: to sacrifice one's life for the cause is regarded as noble, by the partisans of 'war.' Think of the Alamo, or the 300...\n\nA suicide bomber partakes in some of the \"Lost Cause\" nobility.\n\nWhereas a \"homicide\" bomber may (must?) be regarded merely as a murderous psychopath. There is no chance that the act could be thought \"noble.\" A \"homicide\" bomber cannot be a martyr...\n\nhttp://thewell-armedlamb.blogspot.co.uk/2010/01/homicide-bomber-vs-suicide-bomber-whats.html"
    },
    {
      "number": 35,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-35.png",
      "text": "What knowledge is required to make sense of frame blends?"
    },
    {
      "number": 36,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-36.png",
      "text": "I teach civil war\n\nI teach public policy\n\nI teach French\n\nI teach shooting\n\nI teach guns"
    },
    {
      "number": 37,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-37.png",
      "text": "What is the nature of knowledge necessary to interpret framing."
    },
    {
      "number": 38,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-38.png",
      "text": "Four photographs of dumplings, arranged in a two-by-two grid: filled dumplings on a plate, fruit-filled dumplings, sliced pale dumplings beside meat and sauce, and yellow sliced dumplings beside meat and cabbage."
    },
    {
      "number": 39,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-39.png",
      "text": "fruit dumplings\n\nmeat dumplings\n\nbread dumplings\n\npotato dumplings\n\ncheese-curd dumplings\n\nhairy dumplings"
    },
    {
      "number": 40,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-40.png",
      "text": "A plate of roughly rounded, pale dumplings with golden patches."
    },
    {
      "number": 41,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-41.png",
      "text": "Interplay of propositional knowledge, force dynamics, scale schemas, rich images."
    },
    {
      "number": 42,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-42.png",
      "text": "The Normans conquered Britain\n\nThe Browns conquered Britain\n\nThe Beatles conquered Britain"
    },
    {
      "number": 43,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-43.png",
      "text": "Nazi Holocaust\n\nJewish Holocaust\n\nHungarian Holocaust\n\nSpanish Holocaust"
    },
    {
      "number": 44,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-44.png",
      "text": "I drink too much, last time I gave a urine sample, it had an olive in it.\n\nRodney Dangerfield"
    },
    {
      "number": 45,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-45.png",
      "text": "I learned this summer that peeing in the pool and peeing INTO the pool are very different things.\n\nDemetri Martin"
    },
    {
      "number": 46,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-46.png",
      "text": "Conclusion: Why are frames useful?"
    },
    {
      "number": 47,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-47.png",
      "text": "Non-reductionist analysis of issues in the humanities"
    },
    {
      "number": 48,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-48.png",
      "text": "Remind us what else to look for in the conceptualizations. E.g. schemas have associated rich images, narratives, and propositional content."
    },
    {
      "number": 49,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-49.png",
      "text": "Prevent debates about questions assuming traditional concepts requiring logical operations are at play.  For instance definitions."
    },
    {
      "number": 50,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-50.png",
      "text": "Further research needed?"
    },
    {
      "number": 51,
      "image": "/readers/frames-and-other-animals/pages/page-51.png",
      "text": "Cognitive psychology of framing\n\nMemory of frames\n\nPriming\n\nHabituation and embodiment\n\nIndividual variation\n\nFrame negotiation"
    }
  ],
  "pageKind": "PowerPoint slides rendered with LibreOffice · local format pilot"
}