{
  "title": "How to Teach and Learn with ChatGPT: AI and new horizons for assistive technologies",
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "section-1",
      "title": "How to Teach and Learn with ChatGPT: AI and new horizons for assistive technologies",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 1",
      "html": "<h3>How to Teach and Learn with ChatGPT: AI and new horizons for assistive technologies</h3><p>Dominik Lukes, EduTools.fyi</p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=1\">View original slide 1</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-2",
      "title": "Lots of developments since we scheduled the session",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 2",
      "html": "<h3>Lots of developments since we scheduled the session</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-0e87b9594ee3535e.png\" alt=\"A rocket icon beside the slide’s statement.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=2\">View original slide 2</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-3",
      "title": "What has changed",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 3",
      "html": "<h3>What has changed</h3><ul><li>Bing Chat</li><li>GPT-4</li><li>Google Bard</li><li>Office ‘Co-Pilot’s</li><li>GPT-4 Plugins</li></ul><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=3\">View original slide 3</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-4",
      "title": "bit.ly/academic-ai-newsletter",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 4",
      "html": "<h3>bit.ly/academic-ai-newsletter</h3><p><a href=\"https://bit.ly/academic-ai-newsletter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://bit.ly/academic-ai-newsletter</a></p><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-04.png\" alt=\"Screenshot of the LinkedIn newsletter “AI in Academic Practice” with a cartoon computer with a puzzled face and question marks, beside a QR code.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=4\">View original slide 4</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-5",
      "title": "Poll: What is your experience with ChatGPT?",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 5",
      "html": "<h3>Poll: What is your experience with ChatGPT?</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-0397ac4c9fdd92a0.png\" alt=\"A raised-hand icon beside the poll question.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=5\">View original slide 5</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-6",
      "title": "Poll: Experience?",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 6",
      "html": "<h3>Poll: Experience?</h3><ul><li>Use it every day</li><li>Played around with it</li><li>Heard a LOT about it</li><li>I heard something about it</li></ul><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=6\">View original slide 6</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-7",
      "title": "Comparison from a recent talk",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 7",
      "html": "<h3>Comparison from a recent talk</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-03089ab548b5a99a.png\" alt=\"A poll result from an earlier talk: a pie chart beside the answers Use ChatGPT in my work (5), Have used once or twice (32), Have heard a lot and seen examples (21), Have heard something but not sure (23) and Other (share in chat) (1).\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=7\">View original slide 7</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-8",
      "title": "Poll: What do you think AI might be best at?",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 8",
      "html": "<h3>Poll: What do you think AI might be best at?</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-0397ac4c9fdd92a0.png\" alt=\"A raised-hand icon beside the poll question.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=8\">View original slide 8</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-9",
      "title": "What do you think AI might be best at?",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 9",
      "html": "<h3>What do you think AI might be best at?</h3><ul><li>Looking up facts</li><li>Performing complex calculations</li><li>Writing computer code based on text</li><li>Making complex decisions from data</li><li>Writing poetry</li><li>Making beautiful art</li></ul><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=9\">View original slide 9</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-10",
      "title": "Comparison with a recent talk",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 10",
      "html": "<h3>Comparison with a recent talk</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-16b83dfda6118351.png\" alt=\"A horizontal bar chart of poll results for what AI might be best at, listing Looking up facts, Performing complex calculations, Writing computer code based on text, Making complex decisions based on data, Writing poetry and Creating beautiful photos, with a pop-up for “Creating beautiful photos”: 1st choice 2 (2%), 2nd choice 3 (4%), 3rd choice 6 (7%), 4th choice 7 (8%), 5th choice 18 (21%), 6th choice 48 (57%).\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=10\">View original slide 10</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-11",
      "title": "What it is actually good at?",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 11",
      "html": "<h3>What it is actually good at?</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-a6cf7f656bfc570d.png\" alt=\"A superhero-flying icon beside the question.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=11\">View original slide 11</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-12",
      "title": "Nobody expected AI to be any good at this",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 12",
      "html": "<h3>Nobody expected AI to be any good at this</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-12.png\" alt=\"Two ChatGPT conversations side by side. Left: the prompt asks for a poem to remember the bones in the hand and the answer is a four-stanza rhyming poem. Right: the prompt asks for a mnemonic for the carpals and the answer is the sentence “She Left The Party To Take Cathy Home” with each carpal bone matched to a word.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><strong>Prompt (left):</strong> Write a poem to help me remember the bones in the hand.</p><p>In the realm of hands, a tale unfolds,<br>Of bones and joints, a story told,<br>Listen close, my friend, and hear,<br>The names of bones, so you'll endear.</p><p>Twenty-seven bones, a framework grand,<br>Form the structure of our hand,<br>Three groups of bones to memorize,<br>Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges arise.</p><p>Begin with carpals, eight in sum,<br>In the wrist, they're not cumbersome,<br>Proximal row, four in row,<br>From lateral to medial, here's how they go:</p><p>Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum align,<br>Pisiform, a small pea, so benign,<br>Distal row, to continue the tour,<br>Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate ensure.</p><p><strong>Prompt (right):</strong> Make a mnemonic for the carpals</p><p>Recall the carpals, eight in all,<br>With this mnemonic, you'll never stall:</p><p>She Left The Party<br>To Take Cathy Home</p><ul><li>Scaphoid - She</li><li>Lunate - Left</li><li>Triquetrum - The</li><li>Pisiform - Party</li><li>Trapezium - To</li><li>Trapezoid - Take</li><li>Capitate - Cathy</li><li>Hamate - Home</li></ul><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=12\">View original slide 12</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-13",
      "title": "Or this",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 13",
      "html": "<h3>Or this</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-13.png\" alt=\"A collage of AI-generated pictures: a man sitting beside a hole in a wall, colourful retro robot and computer characters, a smiling person with a tree of leaves for hair, and a robot reading in a hollow.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=13\">View original slide 13</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-14",
      "title": "We thought AI could do this",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 14",
      "html": "<h3>We thought AI could do this</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-14.png\" alt=\"A ChatGPT conversation about the arithmetic “4^2 - 234 * (-23) * 329870134987”: it works through the steps and its answer reads 10825535722618; beside it a calculator shows 1775361066500050.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=14\">View original slide 14</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-15",
      "title": "But it is also unexpectedly good at this",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 15",
      "html": "<h3>But it is also unexpectedly good at this</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-61cd9a2a20779e93.png\" alt=\"A ChatGPT conversation. The prompt is “Write code to add two numbers in python”. The answer explains the + operator and gives a short Python program with an add_numbers function, followed by an explanation of the code.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><strong>Prompt:</strong> Write code to add two numbers in python</p><p>In Python, you can add two numbers by simply using the <code>+</code> operator. Here's a simple function to add two numbers:</p><p><code>def add_numbers(a, b):</code></p><p>    <code>return a + b</code></p><p><code>number1 = float(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))</code></p><p><code>number2 = float(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))</code></p><p><code>result = add_numbers(number1, number2)</code></p><p><code>print(\"The sum of the two numbers is:\", result)</code></p><p>In this code, the <code>add_numbers</code> function takes two arguments, <code>a</code> and <code>b</code>, and returns their sum. The user is prompted to enter two numbers, which are then passed to the function to perform the addition. The result is then printed.</p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=15\">View original slide 15</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-16",
      "title": "How do we know what modern AI will be good or bad at?",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 16",
      "html": "<h3>How do we know what modern AI will be good or bad at?</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-55c2aba161dd1561.png\" alt=\"A puzzle-piece icon beside the question.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=16\">View original slide 16</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-17",
      "title": "We have evaluate it systematically. Almost as a new organism.",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 17",
      "html": "<h3>We have evaluate it systematically. Almost as a new organism.</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-ee366269d242127c.png\" alt=\"A microscope icon beside the statement.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=17\">View original slide 17</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-18",
      "title": "Hofstadter, 1979: Questions",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 18",
      "html": "<h3>Hofstadter, 1979: Questions</h3><p><strong>Question:</strong> Will a thinking computer be able to add fast?</p><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-1336fbc549ff9bd3.jpeg\" alt=\"Cover of “Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid” by Douglas R. Hofstadter, orange with a block-letter title.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=18\">View original slide 18</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-19",
      "title": "Hofstadter, 1979, Speculations",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 19",
      "html": "<h3>Hofstadter, 1979, Speculations</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Speculation:</strong> Perhaps not. We ourselves are composed of hardware which does fancy calculations but that doesn't mean that our symbol level, where \"we\" are, knows how to carry out the same fancy calculations.</p></blockquote><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=19\">View original slide 19</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-20",
      "title": "Let’s keep this in mind",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 20",
      "html": "<h3>Let’s keep this in mind</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-9f25bd3f7f44c539.png\" alt=\"A tweet by Sam Altman: “here is GPT-4, our most capable and aligned model yet. it is available today in our API (with a waitlist) and in ChatGPT+. openai.com/research/gpt-4 … it is still flawed, still limited, and it still seems more impressive on first use than it does after you spend more time with it.”\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=20\">View original slide 20</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-21",
      "title": "What ChatGPT can do for YOU?",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 21",
      "html": "<h3>What ChatGPT can do for YOU?</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-37d01dc27e04f77c.png\" alt=\"A light-bulb-in-head icon beside the question.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=21\">View original slide 21</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-22",
      "title": "Better at poetry than math still means it can be incredibly useful.",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 22",
      "html": "<h3>Better at poetry than math still means it can be incredibly useful.</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=22\">View original slide 22</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-23",
      "title": "Anyone can use it to help with reading",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 23",
      "html": "<h3>Anyone can use it to help with reading</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-23.png\" alt=\"Screenshots of a university web page with a chat panel: the user selects text and asks the assistant to explain, simplify it with easier language and explain it to a 12-year-old; the assistant’s replies appear in the side panel.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=23\">View original slide 23</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-24",
      "title": "A student can use this for help",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 24",
      "html": "<h3>A student can use this for help</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-ad8300321e79657b.png\" alt=\"A ChatGPT conversation in which a student asks the model to explain a line of NumPy array code and it explains each element.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=24\">View original slide 24</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-25",
      "title": "A teacher can use it to create tools",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 25",
      "html": "<h3>A teacher can use it to create tools</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-25.png\" alt=\"A teacher’s prompt asking for a tool that compares two translations of the same text and a web form with two text boxes below it, with the differences between the two texts highlighted in yellow.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=25\">View original slide 25</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-26",
      "title": "There are limits but also, we can use it to assist us in real ways. But we should understand what…",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 26",
      "html": "<h3>There are limits but also, we can use it to assist us in real ways. But we should understand what it is doing.</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=26\">View original slide 26</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-27",
      "title": "5 Things about ChatGPT in 15(ish) Minutes",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 27",
      "html": "<h3>5 Things about ChatGPT in 15(ish) Minutes</h3><ul><li>Dominik.Lukes@ctl.ox.ac.uk</li></ul><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=27\">View original slide 27</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-28",
      "title": "5 things about ChatGPT in 15 minutes",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 28",
      "html": "<h3>5 things about ChatGPT in 15 minutes</h3><ol><li>It has many building blocks</li><li>It does not reason, it predicts</li><li>It is limited by the context window</li><li>It has no database, copy or paste or memory</li><li>It does not learn but you can correct it</li></ol><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=28\">View original slide 28</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-29",
      "title": "Building blocks of modern AI",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 29",
      "html": "<h3>Building blocks of modern AI</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=29\">View original slide 29</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-30",
      "title": "What does ChatGPT stand for?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 30",
      "html": "<h3>What does ChatGPT stand for?</h3><ul><li>Chat: answers questions rather than continues</li><li>G - generative: creates strings rather than labels</li><li>P - pretrained: can be fine-tuned on much less data</li><li>T - transformer: can be trained to predict from long context</li></ul><p>Foundation model</p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=30\">View original slide 30</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-31",
      "title": "Building blocks of the AI revolution",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 31",
      "html": "<h3>Building blocks of the AI revolution</h3><ul><li>Foundation Models</li><li>Products: ChatGPT, Consensus, …</li><li>Features: Notion …, PowerPoint…, …</li></ul><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=31\">View original slide 31</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-32",
      "title": "Language model universe in 2022",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 32",
      "html": "<h3>Language model universe in 2022</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-fdd923e5a326859e.png\" alt=\"A bubble chart, “Language model sizes to Dec/2022”, of large language models by parameter count: from BERT and GPT-2 to GPT-3 (175 billion), Jurassic-1, MT-NLG (530 billion), PaLM (540 billion) and BLOOM, with the source LifeArchitect.ai/models.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=32\">View original slide 32</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-33",
      "title": "Building blocks of a product",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 33",
      "html": "<h3>Building blocks of a product</h3><ul><li>Foundation Model API</li><li>Fine tuning on custom data</li><li>Finetuning by human feedback</li><li>Custom Workflow / Interface</li><li>Consensus (OpenAI)</li><li>Notion (Anthropic)</li><li>Smart Reply (Google)</li><li>ChatGPT (Open AI)</li><li>Claude (Anthropic)</li><li>Bard (Google)</li><li>TeacherMatic</li><li>LangChain…</li></ul><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-33.png\" alt=\"Original slide 33 as rendered: a wide dark blue base bar “Foundation Model API”; above it three orange boxes, Fine tuning on custom data, Finetuning by human feedback and Custom Workflow / Interface; above those a row of eight small green boxes, Consensus (OpenAI), Notion (Anthropic), Smart Reply (Google), ChatGPT (Open AI), Claude (Anthropic), Bard (Google), TeacherMatic and LangChain…\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=33\">View original slide 33</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-34",
      "title": "For example Consensus (now with GPT-4)",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 34",
      "html": "<h3>For example Consensus (now with GPT-4)</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-34.png\" alt=\"Two screenshots of Consensus, a search tool: a question about whether it is possible to improve working memory, with a summary of the evidence and a list of papers with their findings.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=34\">View original slide 34</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-35",
      "title": "ChatGPT is just another product on top of GPT",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 35",
      "html": "<h3>ChatGPT is just another product on top of GPT</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-35.png\" alt=\"Two screenshots: on the left, the TeacherMatic tool with a learning objectives generator; on the right, ChatGPT asked to write 10 learning objectives for a beginner course about web design, which it lists.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=35\">View original slide 35</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-36",
      "title": "All of these work the same way",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 36",
      "html": "<h3>All of these work the same way</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-36.png\" alt=\"Two overlapping news articles: “Introducing Microsoft 365 Copilot—A whole new way to work” and “Google announces AI features in Gmail, Docs, and more to rival Microsoft”.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=36\">View original slide 36</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-37",
      "title": "Big API providers",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 37",
      "html": "<h3>Big API providers</h3><ul><li>OpenAI</li><li>Anthropic</li><li>Google</li><li>Amazon</li><li>Microsoft</li><li>Meta</li></ul><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=37\">View original slide 37</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-38",
      "title": "Although there are many smaller ones on HuggingFace",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 38",
      "html": "<h3>Although there are many smaller ones on HuggingFace</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-940aaee695c85b36.png\" alt=\"The Hugging Face model listing page with filters on the left and a list of model names such as bert-base-uncased and gpt2.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=38\">View original slide 38</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-39",
      "title": "Thousands API customers",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 39",
      "html": "<h3>Thousands API customers</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-25aadc0873eab158.png\" alt=\"The website “There’s an AI for that”: “2,675 AIs for 603 tasks. Updated daily”, “Just launched” and a grid of small tool cards on a dark page.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=39\">View original slide 39</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-40",
      "title": "And thousands more",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 40",
      "html": "<h3>And thousands more</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-f6b5cd10ea4fd651.png\" alt=\"The website FutureTools: “FutureTools Collects &amp; Organizes All The Best AI Tools So YOU Too Can Become Superhuman!”, with a search box and a grid of category filters and tool cards.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=40\">View original slide 40</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-41",
      "title": "Always ask what API a product uses!",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 41",
      "html": "<h3>Always ask what API a product uses!</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=41\">View original slide 41</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-42",
      "title": "It does not reason, it predicts",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 42",
      "html": "<h3>It does not reason, it predicts</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=42\">View original slide 42</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-43",
      "title": "It is easy to be deceived by appearances.",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 43",
      "html": "<h3>It is easy to be deceived by appearances.</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=43\">View original slide 43</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-44",
      "title": "ChatGPT can do this",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 44",
      "html": "<h3>ChatGPT can do this</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-44.png\" alt=\"Two ChatGPT answers. First, a list of tropical fruits grouped by region, South America and Central America &amp; Mexico. Second, the same fruits in a table with columns Fruit Name, Region of Origin and Definition.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=44\">View original slide 44</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-45",
      "title": "How do we solve these kinds of problems?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 45",
      "html": "<h3>How do we solve these kinds of problems?</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=45\">View original slide 45</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-46",
      "title": "Cognition = Computation",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 46",
      "html": "<h3>Cognition = Computation</h3><p><strong>Logic</strong></p><ul><li>Compare</li><li>Organise</li><li>Transform</li></ul><p><strong>Memory</strong></p><ul><li>Store</li><li>Retrieve</li></ul><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=46\">View original slide 46</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-47",
      "title": "Something like this",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 47",
      "html": "<h3>Something like this</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-02b3425b68ba3856.png\" alt=\"A flowchart: Find tropical fruits, Look up fruit in memory, Is it tropical? (No loops back; Yes goes to Write to list).\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=47\">View original slide 47</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-48",
      "title": "How does ChatGPT solve these kinds of problems?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 48",
      "html": "<h3>How does ChatGPT solve these kinds of problems?</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=48\">View original slide 48</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-49",
      "title": "ChatGPT does not have cognition or computation",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 49",
      "html": "<h3>ChatGPT does not have cognition or computation</h3><p><s><strong>Logic</strong></s></p><ul><li>Compare</li><li>Organise</li><li>Transform</li></ul><p><s><strong>Memory</strong></s></p><ul><li>Store</li><li>Retrieve</li></ul><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-49.png\" alt=\"Original slide 49 as rendered: the Logic (database icon) and Memory (floppy disk icon) columns of the previous slide, each crossed out with a large red X.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=49\">View original slide 49</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-50",
      "title": "ChatGPT Process",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 50",
      "html": "<h3>ChatGPT Process</h3><ol><li>Break all preceding text into tokens</li><li>Assign each token number</li><li>Predict next token</li><li>Repeat with the new token</li></ol><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=50\">View original slide 50</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-51",
      "title": "What and why of tokens? And why it matters. A lot!",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 51",
      "html": "<h3>What and why of tokens? And why it matters. A lot!</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-070b5eedaa0d7f30.png\" alt=\"A ticket icon beside the question.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=51\">View original slide 51</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-52",
      "title": "How we see text?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 52",
      "html": "<h3>How we see text?</h3><p><strong>Humans</strong></p><ul><li>Letters</li><li>Words</li><li>Sentences</li><li>Paragraphs</li><li>Texts</li></ul><p><strong>ChatGPT</strong></p><ul><li>Tokens</li></ul><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=52\">View original slide 52</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-53",
      "title": "OpenAI: ChatGPT only sees tokens",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 53",
      "html": "<h3>OpenAI: ChatGPT only sees tokens</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-53.png\" alt=\"Two overlapping screenshots of OpenAI’s Tokenizer: the text “Many words map to one token, but some don’t: indivisible.” with 64 tokens and 252 characters, with each token highlighted in a different colour, and an explanation of how the models see tokens.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=53\">View original slide 53</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-54",
      "title": "Actually, this is what ChatGPT sees",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 54",
      "html": "<h3>Actually, this is what ChatGPT sees</h3><p>Unicode</p><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-54.png\" alt=\"A line of numbers in square brackets, the token IDs of a text, with a large arrow from the word “Unicode” to the group of token numbers 3118, 291 and 1098 that stand for it.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=54\">View original slide 54</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-55",
      "title": "Numbers are not digits, just tokens",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 55",
      "html": "<h3>Numbers are not digits, just tokens</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-55.png\" alt=\"Two token-ID displays. The sum “1 + 2 * 3654 = 123,565” with each number and sign coloured as its own token, and “2 + 1 / 43^43.245645”; below them a list of token numbers, with arrows from each number to the tokens it is split into.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=55\">View original slide 55</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-56",
      "title": "Fun facts about OpenAI tokens",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 56",
      "html": "<h3>Fun facts about OpenAI tokens</h3><ul><li>About 50,000 in total</li><li>Only 3,000 English words</li><li>Most parts of words incl. letters, spaces</li><li>About 140 tokens per 100 English words</li><li>Much more for other languages</li></ul><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=56\">View original slide 56</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-57",
      "title": "Word and tokens are only accidentally identical",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 57",
      "html": "<h3>Word and tokens are only accidentally identical</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-57.png\" alt=\"A stack of overlapping tokenizer screenshots comparing one sentence in several languages: the token counts shown are 119, 240, 317, 396 and 523, and the last, longest text is split into many small coloured fragments.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=57\">View original slide 57</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-58",
      "title": "Unexpected consequence: More tokens more money",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 58",
      "html": "<h3>Unexpected consequence: More tokens more money</h3><ul><li>English</li><li>French</li><li>Czech</li><li>Chinese</li><li>Arabic</li></ul><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-58.png\" alt=\"A rising curved arrow from English, through French, Czech and Chinese, to Arabic: the more tokens the text needs, the higher the cost.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=58\">View original slide 58</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-59",
      "title": "Consequences of tokens",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 59",
      "html": "<h3>Consequences of tokens</h3><ul><li>Limited rhyming</li><li>Bad at letter tasks</li><li>Unreliable numbers</li><li>More grammar mistakes in some languages</li></ul><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=59\">View original slide 59</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-60",
      "title": "It’s not good at this BUT it shouldn’t be able to do this at all.",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 60",
      "html": "<h3>It’s not good at this BUT it shouldn’t be able to do this at all.</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-0fde601a3536d25a.png\" alt=\"A ChatGPT conversation. The prompt asks for 10 Czech nouns where ‘ů’ changes to ‘o’ as the noun is declined, with the examples ‘stůl’ - ‘stolu’ and ‘dům’ - ‘domu’. The answer is a numbered list of ten nouns with their declined forms and English glosses. The Czech characters in this image are displayed correctly.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><strong>Prompt:</strong> Give me 10 Czech nouns where ‘ů’ changes to ‘o’ as the noun is declined. For example, ‘stůl’ - ‘stolu’, dům - domu.</p><p>Certainly! Here are 10 Czech nouns that follow the pattern of the vowel ‘ů’ changing to ‘o’ as the noun is declined:</p><ol><li>Kůň - koně (horse)</li><li>Důl - dolu (mine)</li><li>Hůl - holí (cane)</li><li>Stroj - stroje (machine)</li><li>Můstek - mostky (little bridge)</li><li>Vůz - vozy (carriage)</li><li>Sůl - soli (salt)</li><li>Nůž - nože (knife)</li><li>Kroužek - kroužky (ringlet)</li><li>Úkol - úkoly (task)</li></ol><p><strong>Tokeniser view on the original slide:</strong> beside the screenshot, the slide shows the same ten answers as coloured tokens in which every accented letter appears as one or two replacement characters: K���� - kon�� (horse); D��l - dolu (mine); H��l - holí (cane); Stroj - stroje (machine); M��stek - mostky (little bridge); V��z - vozy (carriage); S��l - soli (salt); N���� - no��e (knife); Krou��ek - krou��ky (ringlet); ��kol - ��koly (task).</p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=60\">View original slide 60</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-61",
      "title": "BTW: GPT-4 is not much better at this.",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 61",
      "html": "<h3>BTW: GPT-4 is not much better at this.</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-099b295cf7f64657.png\" alt=\"A ChatGPT answer about Czech noun declension, listing ten nouns with their singular genitive forms and noting that the list is not exhaustive.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=61\">View original slide 61</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-62",
      "title": "Tokens are not graphics, but they can still produce this.",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 62",
      "html": "<h3>Tokens are not graphics, but they can still produce this.</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-62.png\" alt=\"A ChatGPT conversation: asked to convert a text into a Mermaid diagram, it returns Mermaid code, shown beside the resulting flowchart of the fruit-lookup process.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=62\">View original slide 62</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-63",
      "title": "Embeddings: Give tokens meaning",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 63",
      "html": "<h3>Embeddings: Give tokens meaning</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-e2ec108c23100701.png\" alt=\"A network-of-nodes icon beside the heading.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=63\">View original slide 63</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-64",
      "title": "What are embeddings?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 64",
      "html": "<h3>What are embeddings?</h3><p>Embeddings show how tokens relate to each other in <strong>multidimensional-dimensional</strong> space.</p><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-21ef9e00675b63e2.png\" alt=\"Icon of a network of connected nodes.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=64\">View original slide 64</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-65",
      "title": "Language embeddings",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 65",
      "html": "<h3>Language embeddings</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-65.png\" alt=\"The illustration “The Illustrated Word2vec” showing word embeddings: a list of 50 numbers for the word “king”, and colour strips for king, man and woman.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=65\">View original slide 65</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-66",
      "title": "You do maths on matrices and you get",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 66",
      "html": "<h3>You do maths on matrices and you get</h3><p>king − man + woman = queen</p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=66\">View original slide 66</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-67",
      "title": "But all of this is happening in 100s or 1000s or dimensions.",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 67",
      "html": "<h3>But all of this is happening in 100s or 1000s or dimensions.</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-87eacc341c63f6fa.png\" alt=\"A scatter plot of word embeddings projected into two dimensions: clouds of small labelled words coloured by cluster.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=67\">View original slide 67</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-68",
      "title": "More complicated than simple matrix addition",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 68",
      "html": "<h3>More complicated than simple matrix addition</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-68.png\" alt=\"A Dash word-embeddings app: a network of related words around “california − state + country” and a bar chart of nearest neighbours by cosine similarity.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=68\">View original slide 68</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-69",
      "title": "Add it all up",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 69",
      "html": "<h3>Add it all up</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-d9014f29d8875947.png\" alt=\"An abacus icon beside the heading.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=69\">View original slide 69</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-70",
      "title": "All it is doing on the inside is multiplying matrices.",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 70",
      "html": "<h3>All it is doing on the inside is multiplying matrices.</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-70.png\" alt=\"Four overlapping copies of an icon of a grid of small squares.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=70\">View original slide 70</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-71",
      "title": "Really big ones, for every single token in the context window!",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 71",
      "html": "<h3>Really big ones, for every single token in the context window!</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-71.png\" alt=\"An icon of a large grid, beside the statement.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=71\">View original slide 71</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-72",
      "title": "On hundreds or thousands of expensive graphics cards.",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 72",
      "html": "<h3>On hundreds or thousands of expensive graphics cards.</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-4216c01426002066.png\" alt=\"Photograph of a red-and-black graphics card with two fans.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=72\">View original slide 72</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-73",
      "title": "This means it costs $$$ every time you ask it to do something.",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 73",
      "html": "<h3>This means it costs $$$ every time you ask it to do something.</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-ef32e62f12a77e1c.png\" alt=\"An icon of banknotes and coins.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=73\">View original slide 73</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-74",
      "title": "Generate predictions",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 74",
      "html": "<h3>Generate predictions</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-03b5d0573360a834.png\" alt=\"A line-chart-with-points icon beside the heading.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=74\">View original slide 74</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-75",
      "title": "The we predict what comes next (from Wolfram)",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 75",
      "html": "<h3>The we predict what comes next (from Wolfram)</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-a929996d0506a6aa.png\" alt=\"A table of the most likely next words after the sentence beginning “The best thing about AI is its ability to”: learn 4.5%, predict 3.5%, make 3.2%, understand 3.1%, do 2.9%.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=75\">View original slide 75</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-76",
      "title": "The top item is not always selected",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 76",
      "html": "<h3>The top item is not always selected</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-76.png\" alt=\"A text generator with a pop-up of next-word probabilities after “I went back over to the library and got a book on Civil War”: house 4.35%, other 2.32%, window 1.47%, hospital 1.26%, old 1.17% and library 0.41%, with “library” highlighted.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=76\">View original slide 76</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-77",
      "title": "Turn up the temperature: Randomness",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 77",
      "html": "<h3>Turn up the temperature: Randomness</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-91ee6a99953201c8.png\" alt=\"A dice icon beside the heading.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=77\">View original slide 77</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-78",
      "title": "With heat",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 78",
      "html": "<h3>With heat</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-78.png\" alt=\"Overlapping text-generation screenshots: a settings panel with a temperature slider beside three different continuations of text that begin “I went…”.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=78\">View original slide 78</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-79",
      "title": "What it looks like with temperature 1",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 79",
      "html": "<h3>What it looks like with temperature 1</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-79.png\" alt=\"The same next-word probability pop-up, now headed as the case of temperature 1: after “I went back over to the library and got a book on Civil War” the alternatives are house, other, window, hospital, old and library 0.41%.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=79\">View original slide 79</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-80",
      "title": "Without heat",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 80",
      "html": "<h3>Without heat</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-80.png\" alt=\"Several overlapping text outputs of “I went to the store to buy some groceries. I bought milk, eggs, bread, and some fruit. I also picked up some snacks for later.”, which are the same each time.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=80\">View original slide 80</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-81",
      "title": "What it looks like with temperature 0",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 81",
      "html": "<h3>What it looks like with temperature 0</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-8d39baeeb160b0df.png\" alt=\"A text-generation display for “I went to the store”: the next word “store” has probability 98.84 per cent, ahead of grocery 1.10, local 0.05, supermarket 0.01 and convenience 0.00; total logprob -0.01.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=81\">View original slide 81</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-82",
      "title": "Remember all of this happens for each new token",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 82",
      "html": "<h3>Remember all of this happens for each new token</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-82.png\" alt=\"The four-step ChatGPT process diagram from an earlier slide: break all preceding text into tokens, assign each token a number, predict the next token, repeat with the new token.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=82\">View original slide 82</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-83",
      "title": "Context window is a limit on prediction",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 83",
      "html": "<h3>Context window is a limit on prediction</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=83\">View original slide 83</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-84",
      "title": "GPT-3.5 has a context window of 2,000 tokens. GPT-4 has 8,000 – 32,000.",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 84",
      "html": "<h3>GPT-3.5 has a context window of 2,000 tokens. GPT-4 has 8,000 – 32,000.</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-34d9a370988f6563.png\" alt=\"A round badge of waves and gulls beside the statement.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=84\">View original slide 84</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-85",
      "title": "Every new token generated, eats into the context window!",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 85",
      "html": "<h3>Every new token generated, eats into the context window!</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-b877d7e85007a200.png\" alt=\"A Pac-Man-like shape eating dots, beside the statement.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=85\">View original slide 85</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-86",
      "title": "2,000 word summary by GPT-3.5 with 2k token window",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 86",
      "html": "<h3>2,000 word summary by GPT-3.5 with 2k token window</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-86.png\" alt=\"Three overlapping ChatGPT (GPT-3.5) screenshots in which the model lists the people mentioned in an article, first correctly, then when asked for five more it invents names such as Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk, Tim Cook and Larry Page.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=86\">View original slide 86</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-87",
      "title": "Same summary by GPT-4 with 8k token window",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 87",
      "html": "<h3>Same summary by GPT-4 with 8k token window</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-87.png\" alt=\"Two ChatGPT (GPT-4) screenshots in which the model lists the people mentioned in the article and then adds a table with name, institution, role and how they were mentioned.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=87\">View original slide 87</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-88",
      "title": "There is no database",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 88",
      "html": "<h3>There is no database</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=88\">View original slide 88</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-89",
      "title": "It looks like it’s looking things up, copying them and pasting them. BUT",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 89",
      "html": "<h3>It looks like it’s looking things up, copying them and pasting them. BUT</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=89\">View original slide 89</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-90",
      "title": "It always just predicts",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 90",
      "html": "<h3>It always just predicts</h3><p>https://what-if.xkcd.com/34</p><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-32fbf9366b4bb19e.png\" alt=\"An xkcd comic: a sign reads “OH MY GOD, THE VOLCANO IS ERU_” and three people look at it; one says “ERUDITE?”.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=90\">View original slide 90</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-91",
      "title": "But because it was trained on almost trillion tokens and has 175 billion parameters, it can do this.",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 91",
      "html": "<h3>But because it was trained on almost trillion tokens and has 175 billion parameters, it can do this.</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-e24a7c20c639dc21.png\" alt=\"A ChatGPT conversation: asked for a table of European countries sorted by their 2018 PISA score, it returns a table with country, reading, mathematics and science scores.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=91\">View original slide 91</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-92",
      "title": "It can even do this!",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 92",
      "html": "<h3>It can even do this!</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-92.png\" alt=\"Two ChatGPT screenshots: a story about Captain Smith’s fleet of five ships, asked how many ships did he leave the expedition with and how many returned, and then asked to add a row to a table with the statuses set out, returned and lost at sea.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=92\">View original slide 92</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-93",
      "title": "But it because it always just predicts: No fact can be trusted. No common sense can be expected!",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 93",
      "html": "<h3>But it because it always just predicts: No fact can be trusted. No common sense can be expected!</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-4a25feaaf5074f8a.png\" alt=\"A table of capital cities with a distance column, with the rows for Rome (1181) and Vatican City (920) boxed in red.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=93\">View original slide 93</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-94",
      "title": "It really cannot copy and compare any information!!!",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 94",
      "html": "<h3>It really cannot copy and compare any information!!!</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=94\">View original slide 94</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-95",
      "title": "Is there a number? DO NOT TRUST?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 95",
      "html": "<h3>Is there a number? DO NOT TRUST?</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-95.png\" alt=\"Two tables of distances of European capitals from Prague: the table produced by ChatGPT with columns for capital, distance, population and local-language name, beside the capitals with distances, and a note that “distances are calculated using Google Maps and may vary based on the mode of transportation used”, boxed in red.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=95\">View original slide 95</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-96",
      "title": "Can we trust the results of a search?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 96",
      "html": "<h3>Can we trust the results of a search?</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-929d5a55e4cafdf4.png\" alt=\"A Bing Chat conversation asked for a table of European capitals sorted by distance from Prague, with population and name in the local language; it shows a table and a note that the table was limited to six rows.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=96\">View original slide 96</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-97",
      "title": "It can count some things but not very far",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 97",
      "html": "<h3>It can count some things but not very far</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-97.png\" alt=\"A word-count task: a short story and Word’s Word Count dialog showing 234 words, beside ChatGPT’s answer, “There are 181 words in this story.”\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=97\">View original slide 97</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-98",
      "title": "Bing will give references but the information is not there",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 98",
      "html": "<h3>Bing will give references but the information is not there</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-ee727f73e53aa425.png\" alt=\"A Bing Chat answer to “Can I have more idioms in Czech featuring animals?”, listing idioms with literal translations and a Learn more row of source links.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=98\">View original slide 98</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-99",
      "title": "It does not even have access to its own training data!",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 99",
      "html": "<h3>It does not even have access to its own training data!</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=99\">View original slide 99</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-100",
      "title": "Bret Devereaux",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 100",
      "html": "<h3>Bret Devereaux</h3><blockquote><p>[ChatGPT] has <strong>read every book in the library once</strong> and distilled the statistical relationships between the words in that library and then <strong>burned the library</strong>.</p></blockquote><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=100\">View original slide 100</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-101",
      "title": "ChatGPT does not even try",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 101",
      "html": "<h3>ChatGPT does not even try</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-6cd1eb8c4fe19701.png\" alt=\"A ChatGPT answer: “Sure, here are some common Czech idioms involving animals, including cats and dogs”, followed by a numbered list of ten Czech idioms, each with an English translation and an explanation of its meaning.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p>Sure, here are some common Czech idioms involving animals, including cats and dogs:</p><ol><li>“Mít husí kůži” - This idiom translates to “to have goosebumps” and is used to describe a feeling of intense fear or anxiety.</li><li>“Být jako ryba v síti” - This means “to be like a fish in a net” and is used to describe someone who is trapped or stuck in a situation with no way out.</li><li>“Být jako pes s kočkou” - This translates to “to be like a dog with a cat” and is used to describe two people who cannot get along or are constantly arguing.</li><li>“Být jako slepý k houslím” - This means “to be like a blind person to a violin” and is used to describe someone who is completely clueless or oblivious to what is going on around them.</li><li>“Mít oči jako sokol” - This translates to “to have eyes like a hawk” and is used to describe someone who has very sharp or observant eyesight.</li><li>“Být jako kůň před kostelem” - This means “to be like a horse in front of a church” and is used to describe someone who is nervous or restless, usually due to anticipation or excitement.</li><li>“Mluvit do větru” - This translates to “to speak into the wind” and is used to describe someone who is talking to no one in particular, or whose words have no effect.</li><li>“Být zdravý jako ryba” - This means “to be healthy as a fish” and is used to describe someone who is in excellent health.</li><li>“Mít oči jako kráva” - This translates to “to have eyes like a cow” and is used to describe someone who has a very passive or docile personality.</li><li>“Mít kočku ve vaku” - This means “to have a cat in a bag” and is used to describe a situation that is not fully understood or is uncertain.</li></ol><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=101\">View original slide 101</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-102",
      "title": "ChatGPT sometimes hallucinates!",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 102",
      "html": "<h3>ChatGPT sometimes hallucinates!</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-d127ec8cf3afcb4f.png\" alt=\"A smiling face with raised eyebrows beside the statement.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=102\">View original slide 102</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-103",
      "title": "ChatGPT always hallucinates!",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 103",
      "html": "<h3>ChatGPT always hallucinates!</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-0efff1bc2503c0fa.png\" alt=\"A red face with a wide, strained smile beside the statement.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=103\">View original slide 103</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-104",
      "title": "It just happens to match what we need often enough to be really useful.",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 104",
      "html": "<h3>It just happens to match what we need often enough to be really useful.</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-c3f9f27b71245a86.png\" alt=\"A green thumbs-up icon beside the statement.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=104\">View original slide 104</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-105",
      "title": "How much does predicting the next token get us?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 105",
      "html": "<h3>How much does predicting the next token get us?</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-03b5d0573360a834.png\" alt=\"A line-chart-with-points icon beside the question.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=105\">View original slide 105</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-106",
      "title": "Surely, it could not count how many things are mentioned in text just by predicting the next token!",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 106",
      "html": "<h3>Surely, it could not count how many things are mentioned in text just by predicting the next token!</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=106\">View original slide 106</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-107",
      "title": "How good is it at counting things",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 107",
      "html": "<h3>How good is it at counting things</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-107.png\" alt=\"Overlapping ChatGPT screenshots: the ships story and a table of ships set out, returned and lost at sea; asked to write out the reasoning step by step, the model counts the ships in five steps.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=107\">View original slide 107</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-108",
      "title": "How good is it at counting intentions",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 108",
      "html": "<h3>How good is it at counting intentions</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-108.png\" alt=\"Overlapping ChatGPT screenshots: a thread of email replies to a party invitation and a table of names, reply status and reply text; asked to add a column sorting by who is coming and then by name, it fills a table.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=108\">View original slide 108</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-109",
      "title": "Can it take a hint?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 109",
      "html": "<h3>Can it take a hint?</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-713e4b8d9527c2aa.png\" alt=\"A ChatGPT table of invitation replies, with names and reply text; the user asks it to update the table with a new message, “Hi Dominik, I’m travelling on Friday but I’ll see you at the next one.”\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=109\">View original slide 109</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-110",
      "title": "How good is it at sorting?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 110",
      "html": "<h3>How good is it at sorting?</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-110.png\" alt=\"Two ChatGPT tables of party replies: first sorted into a name and status list, then, when asked to use the name as a secondary sort, ordered by status and then name.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=110\">View original slide 110</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-111",
      "title": "Can it do metalanguage?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 111",
      "html": "<h3>Can it do metalanguage?</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-111.png\" alt=\"Overlapping ChatGPT screenshots: asked how many words are in a sentence, the model produces a table of words with definitions and miscounts; asked whether the question mark is a word, it explains, then revises its count.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=111\">View original slide 111</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-112",
      "title": "GPT-4 Improves things",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 112",
      "html": "<h3>GPT-4 Improves things</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-6e029e93091db1db.png\" alt=\"A ChatGPT (GPT-4) exchange: asked “How many words are in this sentence?”, it says it cannot see the sentence; told the sentence is self-referential, it answers that there are 7 words.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=112\">View original slide 112</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-113",
      "title": "But only up to a point",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 113",
      "html": "<h3>But only up to a point</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-113.png\" alt=\"The word-count task: the short story, Word’s Word Count dialog showing 234 words and 1,168 characters, and ChatGPT’s answer that there are 181 words.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=113\">View original slide 113</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-114",
      "title": "But it is close",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 114",
      "html": "<h3>But it is close</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-114.png\" alt=\"A ChatGPT (GPT-4) exchange: asked how many characters are in a sentence, it says 39 characters including spaces and 33 without; beside it Word’s Word Count dialog shows 35 characters without spaces and 41 with spaces.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=114\">View original slide 114</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-115",
      "title": "Every time you try a number try it more than once",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 115",
      "html": "<h3>Every time you try a number try it more than once</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-115.png\" alt=\"Three overlapping ChatGPT screenshots in which the same questions about the number of characters and words in a sentence get different answers: 49 and 39 characters, and 8, 9 and 7 words.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=115\">View original slide 115</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-116",
      "title": "Agrawal",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 116",
      "html": "<h3>Agrawal</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-c8769ef0ef09ee5a.png\" alt=\"Cover of “Prediction Machines: The Simple Economics of Artificial Intelligence” by Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans and Avi Goldfarb, pink with two stylised eyes.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><ul><li>Computer graphics = Cheap arithmetic</li><li>AI = Cheap prediction</li></ul><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=116\">View original slide 116</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-117",
      "title": "In 1950s we could not imagine all the things cheap arithmetic would gets. Today, we can’t appreci…",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 117",
      "html": "<h3>In 1950s we could not imagine all the things cheap arithmetic would gets. Today, we can’t appreciate what cheap predictions will bring.</h3><p><strong>Computer room in 1949</strong></p><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-21017c8a1901eae6.jpeg\" alt=\"Black-and-white photograph of a woman working at a large computer in a computer room, captioned Computer room in 1949.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=117\">View original slide 117</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-118",
      "title": "We did not have good intuitions about what cheap arithmetic will get us. What will cheap prediction?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 118",
      "html": "<h3>We did not have good intuitions about what cheap arithmetic will get us. What will cheap prediction?</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=118\">View original slide 118</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-119",
      "title": "Four years ago, Google made a big announcement",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 119",
      "html": "<h3>Four years ago, Google made a big announcement</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-4f0ac81f092d40f0.png\" alt=\"A page from Google’s blog, “Understanding searches better than ever before”, with several paragraphs of text.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=119\">View original slide 119</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-120",
      "title": "Major progress in 2019",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 120",
      "html": "<h3>Major progress in 2019</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-5a3b6368cafe8436.jpeg\" alt=\"Two phone screenshots, Before and After, for the search “2019 brazil traveler to usa need a visa”: before, a news article about visas for Brazilians; after, a result that explains that a Brazilian traveller needs a visa.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=120\">View original slide 120</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-121",
      "title": "And 4 years later",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 121",
      "html": "<h3>And 4 years later</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-ca4c5b95614e3d68.png\" alt=\"A Bing Chat conversation: asked whether a traveller to the US from Brazil needs a visa, it answers that Brazilians need a visa, with sources listed below.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=121\">View original slide 121</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-122",
      "title": "Also",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 122",
      "html": "<h3>Also</h3><ul><li>No idea of spatial relations</li><li>No idea of social relations</li><li>No understanding of physics</li></ul><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=122\">View original slide 122</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-123",
      "title": "Space is a problem: Some attempts at a bicycle",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 123",
      "html": "<h3>Space is a problem: Some attempts at a bicycle</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-123.png\" alt=\"Four attempts at a bicycle drawn by the model in code: a brown rectangle between two red circles with blue centres; a blue rectangle on two red wheels with a red top; a blue rectangle with two red dots below it; and a red frame with two crossed blue wheels and a green handlebar.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=123\">View original slide 123</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-124",
      "title": "Social relations are a problem",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 124",
      "html": "<h3>Social relations are a problem</h3><p><strong>Customer:</strong></p><p>Take me downtown Prague.</p><p><strong>Taxi driver:</strong></p><p>How much does the trip cost?</p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=124\">View original slide 124</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-125",
      "title": "It does not LEARN live but can be corrected",
      "level": 2,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 125",
      "html": "<h3>It does not LEARN live but can be corrected</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=125\">View original slide 125</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-126",
      "title": "What it took to train the foundation model",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 126",
      "html": "<h3>What it took to train the foundation model</h3><ul><li>21 days</li><li>$1+ million</li></ul><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=126\">View original slide 126</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-127",
      "title": "What it took to fine tune it with human feedback",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 127",
      "html": "<h3>What it took to fine tune it with human feedback</h3><ul><li>X months</li><li>$$$ million</li></ul><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=127\">View original slide 127</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-128",
      "title": "But it is a few-shot learner: It can follow examples",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 128",
      "html": "<h3>But it is a few-shot learner: It can follow examples</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=128\">View original slide 128</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-129",
      "title": "And then… (GPT-3)",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 129",
      "html": "<h3>And then… (GPT-3)</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-129.png\" alt=\"Two pages from the paper “Language Models are Few-Shot Learners”: the title page with its abstract, and a figure with zero-shot, one-shot and few-shot prompts for translating English to French.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=129\">View original slide 129</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-130",
      "title": "Take it through a problem step by step.",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 130",
      "html": "<h3>Take it through a problem step by step.</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-130.png\" alt=\"Overlapping ChatGPT screenshots: the model is asked to count characters, says 39, then lists the characters one by one and, asked whether it wants to revise its answer, apologises and says there are actually 41.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=130\">View original slide 130</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-131",
      "title": "Time to do some prompt engineering",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 131",
      "html": "<h3>Time to do some prompt engineering</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-9e3444c6bcfc6163.png\" alt=\"A scientist-in-a-lab-coat icon beside the statement.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=131\">View original slide 131</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-132",
      "title": "The key lesson for practical use",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 132",
      "html": "<h3>The key lesson for practical use</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-dcb9fef344ee4070.png\" alt=\"A teacher-at-a-board icon beside the statement.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=132\">View original slide 132</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-133",
      "title": "Keep 2 things in mind at once",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 133",
      "html": "<h3>Keep 2 things in mind at once</h3><ul><li>Give it prompts as to a human being</li><li>Interpret the results as if autocomplete</li></ul><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-133.png\" alt=\"Two large block arrows pointing outwards: an orange one to the left, “Give it prompts as to a human being”, and a green one to the right, “Interpret the results as if autocomplete”.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=133\">View original slide 133</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-134",
      "title": "What ChatGPT can do is a matter of experimentation.",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 134",
      "html": "<h3>What ChatGPT can do is a matter of experimentation.</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-cd9da653c67969dc.png\" alt=\"A maze icon beside the statement.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=134\">View original slide 134</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-135",
      "title": "Prompt engineering should aim towards giving more examples and context.",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 135",
      "html": "<h3>Prompt engineering should aim towards giving more examples and context.</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-9e9216c9ee6b74f8.png\" alt=\"A scientist-in-a-lab-coat icon beside the statement.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=135\">View original slide 135</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-136",
      "title": "Key lessons from prompt engineers",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 136",
      "html": "<h3>Key lessons from prompt engineers</h3><ol><li>Narrow down context</li><li>Give examples</li><li>Specify style</li><li>Specify persona</li><li>Ask for corrections</li></ol><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=136\">View original slide 136</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-137",
      "title": "Don’t just ask, don’t just tell. Iterate!",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 137",
      "html": "<h3>Don’t just ask, don’t just tell. Iterate!</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-137.png\" alt=\"Icon of a cycle of a circle, a diamond and a square joined by arrows.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=137\">View original slide 137</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-138",
      "title": "Or in the words of ChatGPT",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 138",
      "html": "<h3>Or in the words of ChatGPT</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-da961ebfcf59bfe0.png\" alt=\"A GPT-4 conversation: asked to write a limerick about five lessons of prompt engineering (narrow down context, give examples, specify style, specify persona, ask for corrections), it returns a four-line verse.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=138\">View original slide 138</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-139",
      "title": "LearnPrompting",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 139",
      "html": "<h3>LearnPrompting</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-7eef45428e0772e8.png\" alt=\"The Learn Prompting website: “Learn Prompting: A Free, Open Source Course on Communicating with Artificial Intelligence”, with Join the Discord and Start Learning buttons and three illustrations.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=139\">View original slide 139</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-140",
      "title": "Three levels of editing",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 140",
      "html": "<h3>Three levels of editing</h3><ol><li>Shallow prompt</li><li>Fine-tuned prompt</li><li>Co-editing</li></ol><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=140\">View original slide 140</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-141",
      "title": "Chain of Thought Prompts",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 141",
      "html": "<h3>Chain of Thought Prompts</h3><p>Chain of Thought =</p><ul><li>more accuracy</li><li>easier review</li></ul><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=141\">View original slide 141</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-142",
      "title": "But it can do this",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 142",
      "html": "<h3>But it can do this</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-142.png\" alt=\"Two ChatGPT screenshots: asked for a numbered list of all the characters including spaces and punctuation in a sentence, it lists them; asked whether it wants to revise its answer, it apologises and says there are actually 41 characters.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=142\">View original slide 142</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-143",
      "title": "And this",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 143",
      "html": "<h3>And this</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-143.png\" alt=\"Two ChatGPT screenshots: the model numbers the characters of a sentence up to 49, listing spaces separately; asked how many there are if trailing spaces are not counted, it answers 41.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=143\">View original slide 143</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-144",
      "title": "Asking for structure is better than prose!",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 144",
      "html": "<h3>Asking for structure is better than prose!</h3><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=144\">View original slide 144</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-145",
      "title": "Outlines are very context-based",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 145",
      "html": "<h3>Outlines are very context-based</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-848e7ffd25d22e64.png\" alt=\"A ChatGPT desktop window titled “ChatGPT in Education Poll”, with the chat history in a sidebar on the left. The prompt asks for poll questions and options about educators&#x27; existing experience and knowledge of ChatGPT; the reply is a numbered list of poll questions with bulleted answer options, cut off at question 4.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><strong>Prompt:</strong> I'm doing a presentation about what should educators know about ChatGPT. I want to open with a poll about their existing experience and knowledge. Can you suggest some questions and poll options?</p><p>Sure, here are some potential poll questions and options for educators regarding their experience and knowledge of ChatGPT:</p><ol><li>How familiar are you with ChatGPT?<ul><li>Not at all familiar</li><li>Somewhat familiar</li><li>Very familiar</li></ul></li><li>Have you used ChatGPT in your teaching or curriculum?<ul><li>No, I have not used it</li><li>Yes, I have used it in a limited capacity</li><li>Yes, I have used it extensively</li></ul></li><li>In your opinion, what are the potential benefits of using ChatGPT in education?<ul><li>Improved student engagement</li><li>Increased efficiency of tasks such as grading and providing feedback</li><li>Enhanced opportunities for personalized learning</li><li>Other (please specify)</li></ul></li><li>Have you encountered any challenges when using ChatGPT in education? (The screenshot ends here; the options for question 4 are not visible.)</li></ol><p><strong>Sidebar chats visible:</strong> ChatGPT in Education Poll (current), People Coming to Party, Party RSVP Confirmations, London To New York Flight Ti…, ASCII car art creation, LLM Language Model Training…, Dagmar Skálová: A Heroine, Story task and activities, Deduplicate Fruits List, Table Words Request Confuse…</p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=145\">View original slide 145</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-146",
      "title": "You can convert them into interactive things",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 146",
      "html": "<h3>You can convert them into interactive things</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-6fc28b9f2551d724.png\" alt=\"A multiple-choice quiz made from an outline: “What type of fruit is grown on the highest mountain?” with options Apples, Pears, Stone fruit and Berries, and a Submit button, followed by further questions.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=146\">View original slide 146</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-147",
      "title": "Asking for concepts and examples",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 147",
      "html": "<h3>Asking for concepts and examples</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-147.png\" alt=\"Two ChatGPT screenshots: asked for a table with examples of each of Grice’s maxims, it produces a table with columns Maxim, Definition and Example of when the maxim is met; a follow-up adds a column for when the maxim is broken.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=147\">View original slide 147</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-148",
      "title": "Asking for timelines better than narratives",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 148",
      "html": "<h3>Asking for timelines better than narratives</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-148.png\" alt=\"Two ChatGPT (GPT-4) answers: a step-by-step account of how hieroglyphics were deciphered, and a timeline of key discoveries and contributions with years and names.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=148\">View original slide 148</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-149",
      "title": "Asking to adopt a persona is also very useful,",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 149",
      "html": "<h3>Asking to adopt a persona is also very useful,</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-43d8d5ebdf4bedcb.png\" alt=\"A ChatGPT role-play. The prompt asks for a conversation in English at level A1 in which ChatGPT is a shopkeeper and the user a student buying bread, with simplified speech. The reply is a short shopkeeper-and-student dialogue about white, whole wheat and rye bread, one loaf at $2.50.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><strong>Prompt:</strong> Let's have a conversation in English at the level of A1. You are a shopkeeper and I am a student. I'm trying to buy bread. You need to simplify the way you speak so that I can understand.</p><p><strong>Shopkeeper:</strong> Hello, how can I help you?</p><p><strong>Student:</strong> Hi, I want to buy bread.</p><p><strong>Shopkeeper:</strong> Sure, what type of bread would you like? We have white bread, whole wheat bread, and rye bread.</p><p><strong>Student:</strong> What's the difference?</p><p><strong>Shopkeeper:</strong> White bread is made with flour that has been stripped of its nutrients. Whole wheat bread is made with flour that includes the bran and germ, which makes it healthier. Rye bread is made with rye flour and has a distinctive flavor.</p><p><strong>Student:</strong> I want the healthier one. Can I have whole wheat bread?</p><p><strong>Shopkeeper:</strong> Sure, how many loaves would you like?</p><p><strong>Student:</strong> Just one loaf, please.</p><p><strong>Shopkeeper:</strong> That will be $2.50. Would you like anything else?</p><p><strong>Student:</strong> No, that's all. Thank you.</p><p><strong>Shopkeeper:</strong> You're welcome. Have a nice day!</p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=149\">View original slide 149</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-150",
      "title": "You can even have a back and forth",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 150",
      "html": "<h3>You can even have a back and forth</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-150.png\" alt=\"Two ChatGPT conversations: a role-play in which the user plays a shopkeeper in a small German village and the model plays a customer in German, then a request to correct the user’s German, answered with a corrected version of what they said.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=150\">View original slide 150</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-151",
      "title": "Where to learn more?",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 151",
      "html": "<h3>Where to learn more?</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-324ebbc52bee3a4f.png\" alt=\"A book icon beside the question.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=151\">View original slide 151</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-152",
      "title": "Edutools.FYI",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 152",
      "html": "<h3>Edutools.FYI</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-152.png\" alt=\"The Edutools.fyi website, a Notion page with “ChatGPT and other Artificial intelligence Tools”, a tools database and readings, beside a QR code.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=152\">View original slide 152</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-153",
      "title": "bit.ly/academic-ai-newsletter",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 153",
      "html": "<h3>bit.ly/academic-ai-newsletter</h3><p>https://bit.ly/academic-ai-newsletter</p><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/page-153.png\" alt=\"The LinkedIn newsletter “AI in Academic Practice” with a cartoon computer with a puzzled face, beside a QR code.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=153\">View original slide 153</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-154",
      "title": "Tools change, people remain the same",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 154",
      "html": "<h3>Tools change, people remain the same</h3><p>EduTools.fyi</p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=154\">View original slide 154</a></p>"
    },
    {
      "id": "section-155",
      "title": "This presentation is licensed under Creative Commons By Attribution license except where otherwis…",
      "level": 3,
      "headingHtml": "Slide 155",
      "html": "<h3>This presentation is licensed under Creative Commons By Attribution license except where otherwise noted. Icons and stock photos licensed under Microsoft Premium Content and cannot be reused outside this document.</h3><p><img src=\"/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/media/img-cd64f44f67f59813.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons Attribution licence badge.\" loading=\"lazy\"></p><p><a href=\"/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023?mode=originals&amp;page=155\">View original slide 155</a></p>"
    }
  ],
  "pages": [
    {
      "number": 1,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-01.png",
      "text": "How to Teach and Learn with ChatGPT: AI and new horizons for assistive technologies\nDominik Lukes, EduTools.fyi"
    },
    {
      "number": 2,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-02.png",
      "text": "Lots of developments since we scheduled the session"
    },
    {
      "number": 3,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-03.png",
      "text": "What has changed\nBing Chat\nGPT-4\nGoogle Bard\nOffice ‘Co-Pilot’s\nGPT-4 Plugins"
    },
    {
      "number": 4,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-04.png",
      "text": "bit.ly/academic-ai-newsletter\nhttps://bit.ly/academic-ai-newsletter"
    },
    {
      "number": 5,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-05.png",
      "text": "Poll: What is your experience with ChatGPT?"
    },
    {
      "number": 6,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-06.png",
      "text": "Poll: Experience?\nUse it every day\nPlayed around with it\nHeard a LOT about it\nI heard something about it"
    },
    {
      "number": 7,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-07.png",
      "text": "Comparison from a recent talk"
    },
    {
      "number": 8,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-08.png",
      "text": "Poll: What do you think AI might be best at?"
    },
    {
      "number": 9,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-09.png",
      "text": "What do you think AI might be best at?\nLooking up facts\nPerforming complex calculations\nWriting computer code based on text\nMaking complex decisions from data\nWriting poetry\nMaking beautiful art"
    },
    {
      "number": 10,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-10.png",
      "text": "Comparison with a recent talk"
    },
    {
      "number": 11,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-11.png",
      "text": "What it is actually good at?"
    },
    {
      "number": 12,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-12.png",
      "text": "Nobody expected AI to be any good at this\nPrompt (left): Write a poem to help me remember the bones in the hand.\nIn the realm of hands, a tale unfolds, Of bones and joints, a story told, Listen close, my friend, and hear, The names of bones, so you'll endear.\nTwenty-seven bones, a framework grand, Form the structure of our hand, Three groups of bones to memorize, Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges arise.\nBegin with carpals, eight in sum, In the wrist, they're not cumbersome, Proximal row, four in row, From lateral to medial, here's how they go:\nScaphoid, lunate, triquetrum align, Pisiform, a small pea, so benign, Distal row, to continue the tour, Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate ensure.\nPrompt (right): Make a mnemonic for the carpals\nRecall the carpals, eight in all, With this mnemonic, you'll never stall:\nShe Left The Party To Take Cathy Home\nScaphoid - She\nLunate - Left\nTriquetrum - The\nPisiform - Party\nTrapezium - To\nTrapezoid - Take\nCapitate - Cathy\nHamate - Home"
    },
    {
      "number": 13,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-13.png",
      "text": "Or this"
    },
    {
      "number": 14,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-14.png",
      "text": "We thought AI could do this"
    },
    {
      "number": 15,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-15.png",
      "text": "But it is also unexpectedly good at this\nPrompt: Write code to add two numbers in python\nIn Python, you can add two numbers by simply using the + operator. Here's a simple function to add two numbers:\ndef add_numbers(a, b):\nreturn a + b\nnumber1 = float(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnumber2 = float(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\nresult = add_numbers(number1, number2)\nprint(\"The sum of the two numbers is:\", result)\nIn this code, the add_numbers function takes two arguments, a and b, and returns their sum. The user is prompted to enter two numbers, which are then passed to the function to perform the addition. The result is then printed."
    },
    {
      "number": 16,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-16.png",
      "text": "How do we know what modern AI will be good or bad at?"
    },
    {
      "number": 17,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-17.png",
      "text": "We have evaluate it systematically. Almost as a new organism."
    },
    {
      "number": 18,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-18.png",
      "text": "Hofstadter, 1979: Questions\nQuestion: Will a thinking computer be able to add fast?"
    },
    {
      "number": 19,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-19.png",
      "text": "Hofstadter, 1979, Speculations\nSpeculation: Perhaps not. We ourselves are composed of hardware which does fancy calculations but that doesn't mean that our symbol level, where \"we\" are, knows how to carry out the same fancy calculations."
    },
    {
      "number": 20,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-20.png",
      "text": "Let’s keep this in mind"
    },
    {
      "number": 21,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-21.png",
      "text": "What ChatGPT can do for YOU?"
    },
    {
      "number": 22,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-22.png",
      "text": "Better at poetry than math still means it can be incredibly useful."
    },
    {
      "number": 23,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-23.png",
      "text": "Anyone can use it to help with reading"
    },
    {
      "number": 24,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-24.png",
      "text": "A student can use this for help"
    },
    {
      "number": 25,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-25.png",
      "text": "A teacher can use it to create tools"
    },
    {
      "number": 26,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-26.png",
      "text": "There are limits but also, we can use it to assist us in real ways. But we should understand what it is doing."
    },
    {
      "number": 27,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-27.png",
      "text": "5 Things about ChatGPT in 15(ish) Minutes\nDominik.Lukes@ctl.ox.ac.uk"
    },
    {
      "number": 28,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-28.png",
      "text": "5 things about ChatGPT in 15 minutes\n1. It has many building blocks\n2. It does not reason, it predicts\n3. It is limited by the context window\n4. It has no database, copy or paste or memory\n5. It does not learn but you can correct it"
    },
    {
      "number": 29,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-29.png",
      "text": "Building blocks of modern AI"
    },
    {
      "number": 30,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-30.png",
      "text": "What does ChatGPT stand for?\nChat: answers questions rather than continues\nG - generative: creates strings rather than labels\nP - pretrained: can be fine-tuned on much less data\nT - transformer: can be trained to predict from long context\nFoundation model"
    },
    {
      "number": 31,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-31.png",
      "text": "Building blocks of the AI revolution\nFoundation Models\nProducts: ChatGPT, Consensus, …\nFeatures: Notion …, PowerPoint…, …"
    },
    {
      "number": 32,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-32.png",
      "text": "Language model universe in 2022"
    },
    {
      "number": 33,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-33.png",
      "text": "Building blocks of a product\nFoundation Model API\nFine tuning on custom data\nFinetuning by human feedback\nCustom Workflow / Interface\nConsensus (OpenAI)\nNotion (Anthropic)\nSmart Reply (Google)\nChatGPT (Open AI)\nClaude (Anthropic)\nBard (Google)\nTeacherMatic\nLangChain…"
    },
    {
      "number": 34,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-34.png",
      "text": "For example Consensus (now with GPT-4)"
    },
    {
      "number": 35,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-35.png",
      "text": "ChatGPT is just another product on top of GPT"
    },
    {
      "number": 36,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-36.png",
      "text": "All of these work the same way"
    },
    {
      "number": 37,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-37.png",
      "text": "Big API providers\nOpenAI\nAnthropic\nGoogle\nAmazon\nMicrosoft\nMeta"
    },
    {
      "number": 38,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-38.png",
      "text": "Although there are many smaller ones on HuggingFace"
    },
    {
      "number": 39,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-39.png",
      "text": "Thousands API customers"
    },
    {
      "number": 40,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-40.png",
      "text": "And thousands more"
    },
    {
      "number": 41,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-41.png",
      "text": "Always ask what API a product uses!"
    },
    {
      "number": 42,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-42.png",
      "text": "It does not reason, it predicts"
    },
    {
      "number": 43,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-43.png",
      "text": "It is easy to be deceived by appearances."
    },
    {
      "number": 44,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-44.png",
      "text": "ChatGPT can do this"
    },
    {
      "number": 45,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-45.png",
      "text": "How do we solve these kinds of problems?"
    },
    {
      "number": 46,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-46.png",
      "text": "Cognition = Computation\nLogic\nCompare\nOrganise\nTransform\nMemory\nStore\nRetrieve"
    },
    {
      "number": 47,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-47.png",
      "text": "Something like this"
    },
    {
      "number": 48,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-48.png",
      "text": "How does ChatGPT solve these kinds of problems?"
    },
    {
      "number": 49,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-49.png",
      "text": "ChatGPT does not have cognition or computation\nLogic\nCompare\nOrganise\nTransform\nMemory\nStore\nRetrieve"
    },
    {
      "number": 50,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-50.png",
      "text": "ChatGPT Process\n1. Break all preceding text into tokens\n2. Assign each token number\n3. Predict next token\n4. Repeat with the new token"
    },
    {
      "number": 51,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-51.png",
      "text": "What and why of tokens? And why it matters. A lot!"
    },
    {
      "number": 52,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-52.png",
      "text": "How we see text?\nHumans\nLetters\nWords\nSentences\nParagraphs\nTexts\nChatGPT\nTokens"
    },
    {
      "number": 53,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-53.png",
      "text": "OpenAI: ChatGPT only sees tokens"
    },
    {
      "number": 54,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-54.png",
      "text": "Actually, this is what ChatGPT sees\nUnicode"
    },
    {
      "number": 55,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-55.png",
      "text": "Numbers are not digits, just tokens"
    },
    {
      "number": 56,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-56.png",
      "text": "Fun facts about OpenAI tokens\nAbout 50,000 in total\nOnly 3,000 English words\nMost parts of words incl. letters, spaces\nAbout 140 tokens per 100 English words\nMuch more for other languages"
    },
    {
      "number": 57,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-57.png",
      "text": "Word and tokens are only accidentally identical"
    },
    {
      "number": 58,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-58.png",
      "text": "Unexpected consequence: More tokens more money\nEnglish\nFrench\nCzech\nChinese\nArabic"
    },
    {
      "number": 59,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-59.png",
      "text": "Consequences of tokens\nLimited rhyming\nBad at letter tasks\nUnreliable numbers\nMore grammar mistakes in some languages"
    },
    {
      "number": 60,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-60.png",
      "text": "It’s not good at this BUT it shouldn’t be able to do this at all.\nPrompt: Give me 10 Czech nouns where ‘ů’ changes to ‘o’ as the noun is declined. For example, ‘stůl’ - ‘stolu’, dům - domu.\nCertainly! Here are 10 Czech nouns that follow the pattern of the vowel ‘ů’ changing to ‘o’ as the noun is declined:\n1. Kůň - koně (horse)\n2. Důl - dolu (mine)\n3. Hůl - holí (cane)\n4. Stroj - stroje (machine)\n5. Můstek - mostky (little bridge)\n6. Vůz - vozy (carriage)\n7. Sůl - soli (salt)\n8. Nůž - nože (knife)\n9. Kroužek - kroužky (ringlet)\n10. Úkol - úkoly (task)\nTokeniser view on the original slide: beside the screenshot, the slide shows the same ten answers as coloured tokens in which every accented letter appears as one or two replacement characters: K���� - kon�� (horse); D��l - dolu (mine); H��l - holí (cane); Stroj - stroje (machine); M��stek - mostky (little bridge); V��z - vozy (carriage); S��l - soli (salt); N���� - no��e (knife); Krou��ek - krou��ky (ringlet); ��kol - ��koly (task)."
    },
    {
      "number": 61,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-61.png",
      "text": "BTW: GPT-4 is not much better at this."
    },
    {
      "number": 62,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-62.png",
      "text": "Tokens are not graphics, but they can still produce this."
    },
    {
      "number": 63,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-63.png",
      "text": "Embeddings: Give tokens meaning"
    },
    {
      "number": 64,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-64.png",
      "text": "What are embeddings?\nEmbeddings show how tokens relate to each other in multidimensional-dimensional space."
    },
    {
      "number": 65,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-65.png",
      "text": "Language embeddings"
    },
    {
      "number": 66,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-66.png",
      "text": "You do maths on matrices and you get\nking − man + woman = queen"
    },
    {
      "number": 67,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-67.png",
      "text": "But all of this is happening in 100s or 1000s or dimensions."
    },
    {
      "number": 68,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-68.png",
      "text": "More complicated than simple matrix addition"
    },
    {
      "number": 69,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-69.png",
      "text": "Add it all up"
    },
    {
      "number": 70,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-70.png",
      "text": "All it is doing on the inside is multiplying matrices."
    },
    {
      "number": 71,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-71.png",
      "text": "Really big ones, for every single token in the context window!"
    },
    {
      "number": 72,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-72.png",
      "text": "On hundreds or thousands of expensive graphics cards."
    },
    {
      "number": 73,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-73.png",
      "text": "This means it costs $$$ every time you ask it to do something."
    },
    {
      "number": 74,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-74.png",
      "text": "Generate predictions"
    },
    {
      "number": 75,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-75.png",
      "text": "The we predict what comes next (from Wolfram)"
    },
    {
      "number": 76,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-76.png",
      "text": "The top item is not always selected"
    },
    {
      "number": 77,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-77.png",
      "text": "Turn up the temperature: Randomness"
    },
    {
      "number": 78,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-78.png",
      "text": "With heat"
    },
    {
      "number": 79,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-79.png",
      "text": "What it looks like with temperature 1"
    },
    {
      "number": 80,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-80.png",
      "text": "Without heat"
    },
    {
      "number": 81,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-81.png",
      "text": "What it looks like with temperature 0"
    },
    {
      "number": 82,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-82.png",
      "text": "Remember all of this happens for each new token"
    },
    {
      "number": 83,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-83.png",
      "text": "Context window is a limit on prediction"
    },
    {
      "number": 84,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-84.png",
      "text": "GPT-3.5 has a context window of 2,000 tokens. GPT-4 has 8,000 – 32,000."
    },
    {
      "number": 85,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-85.png",
      "text": "Every new token generated, eats into the context window!"
    },
    {
      "number": 86,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-86.png",
      "text": "2,000 word summary by GPT-3.5 with 2k token window"
    },
    {
      "number": 87,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-87.png",
      "text": "Same summary by GPT-4 with 8k token window"
    },
    {
      "number": 88,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-88.png",
      "text": "There is no database"
    },
    {
      "number": 89,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-89.png",
      "text": "It looks like it’s looking things up, copying them and pasting them. BUT"
    },
    {
      "number": 90,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-90.png",
      "text": "It always just predicts\nhttps://what-if.xkcd.com/34"
    },
    {
      "number": 91,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-91.png",
      "text": "But because it was trained on almost trillion tokens and has 175 billion parameters, it can do this."
    },
    {
      "number": 92,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-92.png",
      "text": "It can even do this!"
    },
    {
      "number": 93,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-93.png",
      "text": "But it because it always just predicts: No fact can be trusted. No common sense can be expected!"
    },
    {
      "number": 94,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-94.png",
      "text": "It really cannot copy and compare any information!!!"
    },
    {
      "number": 95,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-95.png",
      "text": "Is there a number? DO NOT TRUST?"
    },
    {
      "number": 96,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-96.png",
      "text": "Can we trust the results of a search?"
    },
    {
      "number": 97,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-97.png",
      "text": "It can count some things but not very far"
    },
    {
      "number": 98,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-98.png",
      "text": "Bing will give references but the information is not there"
    },
    {
      "number": 99,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-99.png",
      "text": "It does not even have access to its own training data!"
    },
    {
      "number": 100,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-100.png",
      "text": "Bret Devereaux\n[ChatGPT] has read every book in the library once and distilled the statistical relationships between the words in that library and then burned the library."
    },
    {
      "number": 101,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-101.png",
      "text": "ChatGPT does not even try\nSure, here are some common Czech idioms involving animals, including cats and dogs:\n1. “Mít husí kůži” - This idiom translates to “to have goosebumps” and is used to describe a feeling of intense fear or anxiety.\n2. “Být jako ryba v síti” - This means “to be like a fish in a net” and is used to describe someone who is trapped or stuck in a situation with no way out.\n3. “Být jako pes s kočkou” - This translates to “to be like a dog with a cat” and is used to describe two people who cannot get along or are constantly arguing.\n4. “Být jako slepý k houslím” - This means “to be like a blind person to a violin” and is used to describe someone who is completely clueless or oblivious to what is going on around them.\n5. “Mít oči jako sokol” - This translates to “to have eyes like a hawk” and is used to describe someone who has very sharp or observant eyesight.\n6. “Být jako kůň před kostelem” - This means “to be like a horse in front of a church” and is used to describe someone who is nervous or restless, usually due to anticipation or excitement.\n7. “Mluvit do větru” - This translates to “to speak into the wind” and is used to describe someone who is talking to no one in particular, or whose words have no effect.\n8. “Být zdravý jako ryba” - This means “to be healthy as a fish” and is used to describe someone who is in excellent health.\n9. “Mít oči jako kráva” - This translates to “to have eyes like a cow” and is used to describe someone who has a very passive or docile personality.\n10. “Mít kočku ve vaku” - This means “to have a cat in a bag” and is used to describe a situation that is not fully understood or is uncertain."
    },
    {
      "number": 102,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-102.png",
      "text": "ChatGPT sometimes hallucinates!"
    },
    {
      "number": 103,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-103.png",
      "text": "ChatGPT always hallucinates!"
    },
    {
      "number": 104,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-104.png",
      "text": "It just happens to match what we need often enough to be really useful."
    },
    {
      "number": 105,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-105.png",
      "text": "How much does predicting the next token get us?"
    },
    {
      "number": 106,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-106.png",
      "text": "Surely, it could not count how many things are mentioned in text just by predicting the next token!"
    },
    {
      "number": 107,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-107.png",
      "text": "How good is it at counting things"
    },
    {
      "number": 108,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-108.png",
      "text": "How good is it at counting intentions"
    },
    {
      "number": 109,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-109.png",
      "text": "Can it take a hint?"
    },
    {
      "number": 110,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-110.png",
      "text": "How good is it at sorting?"
    },
    {
      "number": 111,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-111.png",
      "text": "Can it do metalanguage?"
    },
    {
      "number": 112,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-112.png",
      "text": "GPT-4 Improves things"
    },
    {
      "number": 113,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-113.png",
      "text": "But only up to a point"
    },
    {
      "number": 114,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-114.png",
      "text": "But it is close"
    },
    {
      "number": 115,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-115.png",
      "text": "Every time you try a number try it more than once"
    },
    {
      "number": 116,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-116.png",
      "text": "Agrawal\nComputer graphics = Cheap arithmetic\nAI = Cheap prediction"
    },
    {
      "number": 117,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-117.png",
      "text": "In 1950s we could not imagine all the things cheap arithmetic would gets. Today, we can’t appreciate what cheap predictions will bring.\nComputer room in 1949"
    },
    {
      "number": 118,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-118.png",
      "text": "We did not have good intuitions about what cheap arithmetic will get us. What will cheap prediction?"
    },
    {
      "number": 119,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-119.png",
      "text": "Four years ago, Google made a big announcement"
    },
    {
      "number": 120,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-120.png",
      "text": "Major progress in 2019"
    },
    {
      "number": 121,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-121.png",
      "text": "And 4 years later"
    },
    {
      "number": 122,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-122.png",
      "text": "Also\nNo idea of spatial relations\nNo idea of social relations\nNo understanding of physics"
    },
    {
      "number": 123,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-123.png",
      "text": "Space is a problem: Some attempts at a bicycle"
    },
    {
      "number": 124,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-124.png",
      "text": "Social relations are a problem\nCustomer:\nTake me downtown Prague.\nTaxi driver:\nHow much does the trip cost?"
    },
    {
      "number": 125,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-125.png",
      "text": "It does not LEARN live but can be corrected"
    },
    {
      "number": 126,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-126.png",
      "text": "What it took to train the foundation model\n21 days\n$1+ million"
    },
    {
      "number": 127,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-127.png",
      "text": "What it took to fine tune it with human feedback\nX months\n$$$ million"
    },
    {
      "number": 128,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-128.png",
      "text": "But it is a few-shot learner: It can follow examples"
    },
    {
      "number": 129,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-129.png",
      "text": "And then… (GPT-3)"
    },
    {
      "number": 130,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-130.png",
      "text": "Take it through a problem step by step."
    },
    {
      "number": 131,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-131.png",
      "text": "Time to do some prompt engineering"
    },
    {
      "number": 132,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-132.png",
      "text": "The key lesson for practical use"
    },
    {
      "number": 133,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-133.png",
      "text": "Keep 2 things in mind at once\nGive it prompts as to a human being\nInterpret the results as if autocomplete"
    },
    {
      "number": 134,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-134.png",
      "text": "What ChatGPT can do is a matter of experimentation."
    },
    {
      "number": 135,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-135.png",
      "text": "Prompt engineering should aim towards giving more examples and context."
    },
    {
      "number": 136,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-136.png",
      "text": "Key lessons from prompt engineers\n1. Narrow down context\n2. Give examples\n3. Specify style\n4. Specify persona\n5. Ask for corrections"
    },
    {
      "number": 137,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-137.png",
      "text": "Don’t just ask, don’t just tell. Iterate!"
    },
    {
      "number": 138,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-138.png",
      "text": "Or in the words of ChatGPT"
    },
    {
      "number": 139,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-139.png",
      "text": "LearnPrompting"
    },
    {
      "number": 140,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-140.png",
      "text": "Three levels of editing\n1. Shallow prompt\n2. Fine-tuned prompt\n3. Co-editing"
    },
    {
      "number": 141,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-141.png",
      "text": "Chain of Thought Prompts\nChain of Thought =\nmore accuracy\neasier review"
    },
    {
      "number": 142,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-142.png",
      "text": "But it can do this"
    },
    {
      "number": 143,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-143.png",
      "text": "And this"
    },
    {
      "number": 144,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-144.png",
      "text": "Asking for structure is better than prose!"
    },
    {
      "number": 145,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-145.png",
      "text": "Outlines are very context-based\nPrompt: I'm doing a presentation about what should educators know about ChatGPT. I want to open with a poll about their existing experience and knowledge. Can you suggest some questions and poll options?\nSure, here are some potential poll questions and options for educators regarding their experience and knowledge of ChatGPT:\n1. How familiar are you with ChatGPT?\nNot at all familiar\nSomewhat familiar\nVery familiar\n2. Have you used ChatGPT in your teaching or curriculum?\nNo, I have not used it\nYes, I have used it in a limited capacity\nYes, I have used it extensively\n3. In your opinion, what are the potential benefits of using ChatGPT in education?\nImproved student engagement\nIncreased efficiency of tasks such as grading and providing feedback\nEnhanced opportunities for personalized learning\nOther (please specify)\n4. Have you encountered any challenges when using ChatGPT in education? (The screenshot ends here; the options for question 4 are not visible.)\nSidebar chats visible: ChatGPT in Education Poll (current), People Coming to Party, Party RSVP Confirmations, London To New York Flight Ti…, ASCII car art creation, LLM Language Model Training…, Dagmar Skálová: A Heroine, Story task and activities, Deduplicate Fruits List, Table Words Request Confuse…"
    },
    {
      "number": 146,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-146.png",
      "text": "You can convert them into interactive things"
    },
    {
      "number": 147,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-147.png",
      "text": "Asking for concepts and examples"
    },
    {
      "number": 148,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-148.png",
      "text": "Asking for timelines better than narratives"
    },
    {
      "number": 149,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-149.png",
      "text": "Asking to adopt a persona is also very useful,\nPrompt: Let's have a conversation in English at the level of A1. You are a shopkeeper and I am a student. I'm trying to buy bread. You need to simplify the way you speak so that I can understand.\nShopkeeper: Hello, how can I help you?\nStudent: Hi, I want to buy bread.\nShopkeeper: Sure, what type of bread would you like? We have white bread, whole wheat bread, and rye bread.\nStudent: What's the difference?\nShopkeeper: White bread is made with flour that has been stripped of its nutrients. Whole wheat bread is made with flour that includes the bran and germ, which makes it healthier. Rye bread is made with rye flour and has a distinctive flavor.\nStudent: I want the healthier one. Can I have whole wheat bread?\nShopkeeper: Sure, how many loaves would you like?\nStudent: Just one loaf, please.\nShopkeeper: That will be $2.50. Would you like anything else?\nStudent: No, that's all. Thank you.\nShopkeeper: You're welcome. Have a nice day!"
    },
    {
      "number": 150,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-150.png",
      "text": "You can even have a back and forth"
    },
    {
      "number": 151,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-151.png",
      "text": "Where to learn more?"
    },
    {
      "number": 152,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-152.png",
      "text": "Edutools.FYI"
    },
    {
      "number": 153,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-153.png",
      "text": "bit.ly/academic-ai-newsletter\nhttps://bit.ly/academic-ai-newsletter"
    },
    {
      "number": 154,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-154.png",
      "text": "Tools change, people remain the same\nEduTools.fyi"
    },
    {
      "number": 155,
      "image": "/readers/how-to-teach-and-learn-with-chatgpt-bett-2023/pages/page-155.png",
      "text": "This presentation is licensed under Creative Commons By Attribution license except where otherwise noted. Icons and stock photos licensed under Microsoft Premium Content and cannot be reused outside this document."
    }
  ],
  "pageKind": "PowerPoint slides rendered with LibreOffice · local format pilot"
}