# Online Corpus: Literacy Teachers’ Best Friend Canonical page: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers - SlideShare title: Using online corpus for literacy teachers - Talk date: Not established - SlideShare upload: 2016-03-12 (upload date, not the delivery date) - Event: Not established - Place: Not established - Topics: Language & meaning - Language: en - Slides in the original listing: 68 - Coverage: Full text of all 68 slides, each paired with its original slide image (slide N is section N). - Original listing: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/59463001 - Cover image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-01.png - Reader data (JSON): https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/presentation.json - TalkWeaver package (outline and images, ZIP): https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers-talkweaver.zip - TalkWeaver outline: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/talkweaver/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers-outline.md ## Slide 1: Online Corpus Literacy Teachers’ Best Friend Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-1 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-01.png Dominik Lukeš dlukes@dyslexiaaction.org.uk @techczech ## Slide 2: Outline Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-2 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-02.png - What is a corpus - Answering questions with a corpus - The language of corpus searches - The corpus and the classroom - Practice ![Photograph of a paving-stone pavement with a chalk outline of a body drawn beside a black lamp post.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-0afcb169756b3995.jpeg) ## Slide 3: Corpus / Corpora Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-3 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-03.png ???? ## Slide 4: of about Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-4 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-04.png ![Photograph of a field divided down the middle: green grass on the left and ploughed brown soil on the right.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-ba2fd2c408df37bb.png) On the slide, the word “knowledge” is above the photograph and “language” below it; the words “of” (over the grass) and “about” (over the soil) are written on the photograph itself. knowledge language ## Slide 5: Prescriptivism Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-5 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-05.png … how language should be used v … how language **is** used Descriptivism ## Slide 6: Slide 6 Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-6 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-06.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) ![Cover of “The Language Instinct: The New Science of Language and Mind” by Steven Pinker.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-7b54304377762981.jpeg) > “Most of the prescriptive rules of **the language mavens** make no sense on any level. They are bits of folklore that originated for screwball reasons several hundred years ago… For as long as they have existed, speakers have flouted them…” > > — Steven Pinker, The Language Instinct ## Slide 7: Slide 7 Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-7 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-07.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) ![The slide's original page: the covers of “Politics and the English Language” by George Orwell, “The Elements of Style” by William Strunk Jr. and E. B. White and “Strictly English” by Simon Heffer, a portrait labelled “Grammarian Geoffrey K Pullum on …”, and the quoted comments listed beside the books.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/page-07.png) - Grammarian Geoffrey K Pullum on … - Orwell, Politics and the English Language - “dishonest and stupid” - “More passives in Orwell's pompous essay with the warning about how you mustn't use them than in any periodical you can lay your hands on! “ - Strunk and White, The Elements of Style - “vile little compendium of tripe about style” - Heffer, Strictly English - “intellectual abdication” - “should be ashamed” - “current around 1900” - “a perversion of grammatical education” - “blind to textual evidence even when he himself exhibits it” ## Slide 8: Slide 8 Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-8 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-08.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=2790 ![Screenshot of a Language Log page headed “Archive for Prescriptivist Poppycock”.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-x35ba047129fbedd.png) ![Screenshot of the post “Does it really matter if it dangles?”, November 20, 2010, filed by Geoffrey K. Pullum under Prescriptivist Poppycock, Syntax, Writing and ambiguity.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-xf6ec93fa7fdd730.png) This usage stuff is ***not*** **straightforward** and easy. If ever someone tells you that the rules of English grammar are simple and logical and you should just learn them and obey them, walk away, because you're getting **advice from a fool.** ## Slide 9: Corpus Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-9 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-09.png Key modern tool for finding out **about** how language works… ## Slide 10: Corpus Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-10 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-10.png … is a large database of **representative** language samples … ## Slide 11: Corpus Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-11 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-11.png … 100s of millions of words from (mostly) written language in different genres in small samples (~2000 words) … ## Slide 12: Corpus Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-12 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-12.png … used for linguistic research, making dictionaries, writing grammars, … ## Slide 13: Slide 13 Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-13 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-13.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) ![The slide's original page: the covers of “Collins COBUILD English Grammar”, “The American Heritage Dictionary” and “A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language” (Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech and Svartvik); a red arrow points to the words “Collins Corpus: the world's largest database for language study” on the Collins cover.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/page-13.png) ## Slide 14: Corpora available for teachers Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-14 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-14.png ![Screenshot of the corpus.byu.edu home page, “corpora, size, queries = better resources, more insight”, with a table of English corpora (Hansard, Wikipedia, GloWbE, COCA, COHA, TIME Magazine Corpus, Corpus of American Soap Operas, BYU-BNC) with their sizes, dialects and time periods.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-00a05b3190dc20a2.png) ## Slide 15: BYU corpora available Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-15 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-15.png - **COCA** (contemporary Am English) - **COHA** (historical Am English) - **GloWbE** (global web English) - **Wikipedia** - **Google Books** (BrEng/AmEng) - **BNC** (British National Corpus) - **Hansard** (British parliamentary speeches) - Spanish/Portugese ## Slide 16: Access to COCA and related BYU corpora is free… Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-16 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-16.png …but **free** registration required for more than ~10 queries a day ![Screenshot of a login form with Email and Password fields and a “(HELP) LOG IN” link.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-23e2f7a4da0ea442.png) ## Slide 17: Slide 17 Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-17 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-17.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) ![Screenshot of a Google search for “byu corpus”; the results list CORPORA: 1.9 billion words - 45 million words each: free online, BYU-BNC, COHA, COCA and GloWbE.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-157120f310e54dc1.png) On the slide, a red ellipse is drawn round the search box that holds “byu corpus”. ## Slide 18: Other resources derived from BYU corpora Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-18 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-18.png - WordFrequency.info - WordAndPhrase.info - AcademicWords.info - Collocates.info ## Slide 19: Slide 19 Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-19 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-19.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) ![Screenshot of the WebCorp Live search page (“Concordance the web in real-time”) with a search for dys\* and options for case, span, search API and language.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-54109ed7a57e32d6.png) ## Slide 20: Slide 20 Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-20 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-20.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) ![Screenshot of the Leeds “A collection of English corpora” query page: a choice of corpora (BNC, Reuters, British News, Internet, Brown Corpus, ukWac) and parameters for a concordance or collocations query.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-b8cd684d318e53a9.png) ## Slide 21: Slide 21 Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-21 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-21.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) ![Photograph of a yellow roadside sign reading “You think life is full of surprises? Wait till you die!”](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-ae6060318d14969f.jpeg) Searching a corpus early on in the process of making a generalization can save you a lot of unpleasant surprises later. ## Slide 22: How do we use the word dyslexia? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-22 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-22.png We speak more often of dyslexic children than adults. We speak more often of dyslexia than any other dys- word. ## Slide 23: Concordance Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-23 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-23.png - **BNC:** `dyslexic [n*]` - **COCA:** `dyslexic [n*]` ![Screenshot of BNC results for the query above: DYSLEXIC CHILDREN 20, DYSLEXIC CHILD 6, DYSLEXIC PERSON 4, DYSLEXIC BOY 3, DYSLEXIC PEOPLE 3, DYSLEXIC PUPILS 3, DYSLEXIC YOUNGSTERS 1, DYSLEXIC UNIT 1.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-3e5eff1e1d965c22.png) ![Screenshot of COCA results for the query above: DYSLEXIC CHILDREN 15, DYSLEXIC STUDENTS 14, DYSLEXIC KIDS 5, DYSLEXIC POPULATION 4, DYSLEXIC RESEARCH 3, DYSLEXIC PIANIST 2, DYSLEXIC TREATMENT 2, DYSLEXIC READERS 2, DYSLEXIC WRITERS.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-9ce0288119b04fa7.png) ## Slide 24: Slide 24 Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-24 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-24.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) **COCA:** `dys*` ![Screenshot of COCA results for dys\*: DYSFUNCTION 1662, DYSFUNCTIONAL 1565, DYSON 703, DYSLEXIA 386, DYSTROPHY 264, DYSENTERY 258, DYSLEXIC 200, DYSPLASIA 175, DYSPHAGIA 126, DYSPHAGIA 121, DYSPNEA 105, DYSPHORIA 72, DYSTOPIAN 66, DYSPEPTIC 65, DYSPEPSIA 62.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-9a2d297b52ec5451.png) ![Screenshot of the COCA search form with “dyslexia” in the word box and a list of collocates: FIBROUS, HIP, CERVICAL, TEMPORAL, BONE.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-2f04e88b04889302.png) ## Slide 25: Suffixing rules Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-25 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-25.png `*yed` `*ied` ![Screenshot of COCA results for \*yed: PLAYED 48431, STAYED 18470, DESTROYED 12207, ENJOYED 12106, EMPLOYED 10771, DISPLAYED 6737, DELAYED 4976, SURVEYED 4544, PORTRAYED 4101, UNEMPLOYED 3286.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-ecc21bff9ffa29f9.png) ![Screenshot of COCA results for \*ied: TRIED 68388, DIED 52829, MARRIED 39303, CARRIED 25469, IDENTIFIED 24469, WORRIED 21619, APPLIED 17856, STUDIED 15468, TIED 14965, REPLIED 12514.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-30191f3babb94674.png) ## Slide 26: Suffixing rules Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-26 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-26.png `*yed` pl**a**yed st**a**yed portr**a**yed enj**o**yed unempl**o**yed surv**e**yed `*ied` **d**ied t**r**ied mar**r**ied wor**r**ied identi**f**ied app**l**ied ## Slide 27: The Corpus Magic Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-27 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-27.png `*` `?` `[ ]` `[n* ]` Different corpora use slightly different codes. Read the manual. ## Slide 28: The Corpus Magic Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-28 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-28.png - `*` Any number of characters (incl 0) - `?` Any one character - `[ ]` Lemma (all inflectional forms of a word) - `[n* ]` Part of speech tags (e.g. nouns) Different corpora use slightly different codes. Read the manual. ## Slide 29: Slide 29 Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-29 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-29.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) `*` - `*each` each, reach, beach, teach, outreach, …, impeach, … - `teach*` teachers, teaching, …, teachable, teacher-librarians, … - `t*ch` touch, teach, tech, torch, trench, twitch, …, three-inch, … - `teach *` teach the, teach us, teach students, … ## Slide 30: Slide 30 Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-30 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-30.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) `?` - `?each` reach, beach, teach, peach, leach, keach, … - `each?` each- (1), each# (1) \[ie nothing\] - `?each?` peachy, bleachy, teacha, reachs (2) \[ie spelling error\], … - `t?ch` tech, tach, toch, tuch, tsch, tich - `t??ch` touch, teach, torch, tisch, … ## Slide 31: [Lemma] Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-31 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-31.png Word box: `[book]` ![Screenshot of the COCA search page (Corpus of Contemporary American English, 425 million words, 1990-2011) with the word box set to the query above, outlined in red; the results BOOK, BOOKS, BOOKED and BOOKING are outlined.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-45eddaffcd59275f.png) Word box: `[booking]` ![Screenshot of the COCA search page with the word box set to the query above, outlined in red; the results BOOKING and BOOKINGS are outlined.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-b0c59281ae8a78ed.png) ## Slide 32: Part of speech tags Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-32 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-32.png `[run].[n*]` `[run] [n*]` ![Screenshot of COCA results for the first query above showing text passages in which the word run is highlighted.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-07764c2909173b16.png) ![Screenshot of COCA results for the second query above: RUN AFOUL, RUN COUNTER, RUN THINGS, RUN AVERAGE, RUN DEFENSE, RUN ERRANDS, RUNS COUNTER, RUNNING ERRANDS with their counts.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-5b044f9c5d6d92f4.png) ## Slide 33: Common tags Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-33 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-33.png | | | |---------------|-----------------| | `[n*]` | noun | | `[NN2]` | plural nouns | | `[v*]` | verb | | `[VVD]` | verb past tense | | `[aj*]` (BNC) | adjective | | `[j*]` (COCA) | adjective | | `[av*]` (BNC) | adverb | | `[r*]` (COCA) | adverb | On the slide the BNC tag and the COCA tag for adjective, and for adverb, stand on one line, separated by a slash; the table gives each tag its own row with its corpus label. ## Slide 34: Help Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-34 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-34.png Codes in the panel: ``` [pos] [pos*] [lemma] [=word] ``` Examples in the panel: ``` [vvg] [v*] [sing] [tall] [=strong] ``` ![Screenshot of the COCA search page with a red arrow pointing from the search-string box to the “HELP: SEARCH SYNTAX” panel, which lists search codes with their meanings, examples and matching words (the codes and examples are given in the text above).](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-18aac492744f05d0.png) ## Slide 35: Slide 35 Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-35 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-35.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) | Search string | Results shown | |-----------------|-----------------------------------| | `*` | strike, strikes, struck, striking | | `big [n*]` | look, handbook, shook, textbook | | `[love]` | love | | `*ook` | look, took, book, cook, rook | | `?ook` | big bang, big man, big house | | `[strike].[v*]` | anything | | `[strike].[n*]` | love, loves, loved, loving | | `love` | strike, strikes | ![Screenshot of a matching exercise: a column of eight search strings beside boxes of results, each pair marked with a red cross. The strings and the results beside them are listed in the table above.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-652e1a79cee74710.png) ## Slide 36: Slide 36 Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-36 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-36.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) | Search string | Results shown | |-----------------|-----------------------------------| | `*` | anything | | `big [n*]` | big bang, big man, big house | | `[love]` | love, loves, loved, loving | | `*ook` | look, handbook, shook, textbook | | `?ook` | look, took, book, cook, rook | | `[strike].[v*]` | strike, strikes, struck, striking | | `[strike].[n*]` | strike, strikes | | `love` | love | ![Screenshot of the same matching exercise answered correctly: each of the eight search strings has its matching results beside it and a green tick. The strings and results are listed in the table above.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-72600609daed532b.png) ## Slide 37: You can also Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-37 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-37.png - `cats and dogs` search for idioms - `?each*s` combine wildcards - `[=pretty]` search for synonyms - `car|bike|horse` search for alternatives - `used -car` exclude searches For more details see: ![Screenshot of the COCA search-string box with a red arrow pointing to a small button at its right edge.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-8a159f5cbc1f3409.png) ## Slide 38: Concordance + KWIC Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-38 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-38.png ``` *ies.[N*] ``` ![Screenshot of COCA results, rows 8 to 16 of a list of nouns ending in -ies with their counts (BABIES, SPECIES, PARTIES, LIES, STUDIES, CENTURIES, CITIES, ENEMIES, CRIES), above a block of example passages from fiction in which “cities” is highlighted; red arrows point at CITIES in the list and at passages below. The search string is not visible in the screenshot; it is given in the line above.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-5c573cfdddda36da.png) ## Slide 39: KWIC – Key-Word In Context Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-39 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-39.png ``` *ies.[N*] ``` ![Screenshot of a key-word-in-context display for the query shown above: lines of text with the matching words (species, communities, series, movies and others) highlighted in colour in a central column.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-d84f549fa7a8fd9d.png) ## Slide 40: Limit searches by genre Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-40 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-40.png ![Screenshot of the COCA sections panel with two lists: the genres SPOKEN, FICTION, MAGAZINE, NEWSPAPER, ACADEMIC and the period 1990-1994, and the fiction sub-genres FIC:Gen (Book), FIC:Gen (Jrnl), FIC:SciFi/Fant, FIC:Juvenile and FIC:Movies.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-2f691d545c3bafae.png) ## Slide 41: Other questions corpus can answer Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-41 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-41.png - Are there more nouns or verbs ending in *-ies?* ``` *ies.[V*] vs. *ies.[N*] ``` - Are there four-letter verbs ending in *-ed* in the present tense? ``` ??ed.[VVB] ``` - What are the most common adjectives describing students vs. pupils. ``` [j*] [student] vs. [j*] [pupil] ``` - What do we say teachers do most often? ``` [teacher] [vvb] ``` ## Slide 42: Corpus, rules, and regularity Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-42 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-42.png ``` pre* *ed *ies.[V*] ``` ![Black-and-white photograph of a hand writing “I will not spend all my spare time on Flickr.” repeatedly on a page of lined paper.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-31d87b1538ae4fe4.png) ## Slide 43: Collocations Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-43 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-43.png Limits on variability ![Screenshot of COCA collocates of “surprising”: the search form with the collocates box set to \* and the results THAT 2310, ., ., TO, NUMBER, AND, IS, IN, BECAUSE, GIVEN, THING, HOW; THAT, NUMBER, BECAUSE and GIVEN are outlined in red.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-a6d07c07b7e4c154.png) See also Kennedy, p. 80-23 ## Slide 44: Collocations Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-44 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-44.png Limits on variability See also Kennedy, p. 80-23 Collocates box: `[n*]` ![Screenshot of COCA collocates of “certain”: the word box holds certain, the collocates box holds the query above and two small boxes beside it show 0 and 1; two red arrows point at the collocates box and at the 0 and 1 boxes. The results list AMOUNT, THINGS, WAY, POINT, TYPES, EXTENT, KIND, KINDS, LEVEL and PEOPLE with their counts; AMOUNT with its mutual-information score 8.10 and LEVEL with its score 5.43 are outlined in red.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-ca08540d407e1a0f.png) ## Slide 45: Collocations (cont) Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-45 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-45.png `[teacher] must [v*]` ![Screenshot of COCA results for the query above: TEACHERS MUST BE 144, TEACHER MUST BE 53, TEACHERS MUST HAVE 29, TEACHERS MUST LEARN 18, TEACHERS MUST BECOME 16, TEACHER MUST HAVE 12, TEACHERS MUST PROVIDE 10, TEACHERS MUST TAKE 10, TEACHERS MUST UNDERSTAND 10, TEACHERS MUST MAKE 9, TEACHERS MUST REALIZE 8, TEACHER MUST DETERMINE 7 and others.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-7b3de0357ea329c5.png) ## Slide 46: Idioms and set phrases Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-46 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-46.png 275 results 359 results ![Screenshot of concordance lines for “cats and dogs” in phrases such as “raining like cats and dogs”, with the words before the phrase outlined in red.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-78d8b7256b0ee1e3.png) ![Screenshot of concordance lines for “dogs and cats” in contexts such as “adorable dogs and cats” and “pets”, with the words before the phrase outlined in red.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-a875638e35ddbc7a.png) ## Slide 47: Google as a Corpus Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-47 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-47.png **"**put the search text in quotes**"** use `*` for the search item ![Screenshot of Google's search suggestions for “a teacher is \*”: a teacher is like, a teacher is poem, a teacher is like a gardener, a teacher is someone who, a teacher is like a candle quote, a teacher is like a flower, a teacher is like metaphor, a teacher is one who makes, a teacher is a leader, a teacher is a candle.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-19375f27f37e8d60.png) ## Slide 48: Slide 48 Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-48 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-48.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) ![Screenshot of Google results for “a good student always \*”, with matching passages outlined in red and two callouts, “Relevant results” beside the genuine matches and “Irrelevant results” beside matches in other contexts.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-b70e89bd729a587a.png) ## Slide 49: Google as a Corpus Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-49 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-49.png - **PRO:** rare, low frequency usage, up-to-date usage - **CON:** no sampling, no frequency sort, no genre limit, no part of speech tags ## Slide 50: Google results counts are only rough estimates… Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-50 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-50.png Different people searching in different geographic locations can get different numbers Sometimes searching for A gives fewer results than searching for A without B ![Screenshot of a Google search for “good teachers” with a red arrow pointing to “About 80,600,000 results (0.13 seconds)”.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-55649e65fac51096.png) ![Screenshot of a Google search for “bad teachers” with a red arrow pointing to “About 44,700,000 results (0.09 seconds)”.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-21f46cfe0afc2f3f.png) ## Slide 51: …but Google fights can be fun Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-51 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-51.png ![Screenshot of the Googlefight web page comparing “good teachers” (13300000 results) with “bad teachers” (4660000 results).](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-137eb4ec70d2b324.png) ## Slide 52: WebCorp is makes Google search results linguist-friendly Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-52 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-52.png ![Screenshot of a page of lines of text in which “good teachers” is highlighted in colour.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-977acbb33d95f68a.png) ![Screenshot of the WebCorp Live search form with “good teachers” in the Search box; Case Insensitive is ticked, Span is 50 characters, Search API is Google, Language is Not specified, Show URLs is unticked, Pages is 64, One concordance line per web page is ticked and the Site box is empty.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-cab4dc8026916d06.png) On the slide, three red arrows are drawn over the WebCorp form: one pointing at the Span box, one at the Show URLs checkbox and one at the “One concordance line per web page” checkbox. ## Slide 53: Avoid Common Corpus Errors Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-53 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-53.png ![Photograph of graffiti-covered wall with a pasted-up image of an Internet Explorer error dialog.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-e4d96d9173d41453.jpeg) ## Slide 54: Slide 54 Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-54 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-54.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - Be aware of **limitations**: sampling, coverage, size, presence of typos and errors, bad part of speech tagging - Beware of **low** **frequency** results - Beware of **homographs** ## Slide 55: Slide 55 Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-55 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-55.png (The slide shows no title; the heading above is its contents label.) - Check results come from multiple **sources** - Check **KWIC** to confirm relevance - Limit search by **genre** ## Slide 56: Check examples and sources Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-56 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-56.png - Click on concordance results for KWIC view - …to check relevance of result (e.g. part of speech tag) ![Screenshot of COCA concordance results listing wordsa list of words (TIED, DRED, SLED, NEED and others) with counts above lines of context in which the word TIED is outlined in red.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-5f1f065cda858ccf.png) ## Slide 57: Always check low frequency results Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-57 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-57.png ``` must [v*] [n*] ``` ![Screenshot of COCA results for the query above: MUST TAKE CARE 5, MUST BE FRANKIE 3, MUST BE KING 3, with a red arrow pointing at MUST BE FRANKIE.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-a0d91135b4d6282e.png) ![Screenshot of context lines from a transcript in which “Must be Frankie” appears three times in the same passage, with red arrows.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-1d63c496e7432f06.png) …sometimes they come from the same source ## Slide 58: False roots Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-58 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-58.png ![Screenshot of COCA results for \*face: FACE, SURFACE, INTERFACE, FACE-TO-FACE, PREFACE, CLUBFACE, SUBSURFACE, IN-YOUR-FACE, ABOUT-FACE, BABYFACE, with PREFACE outlined in red.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-725a44ed604f8cf8.png) ![Screenshot of the Online Etymology Dictionary entry for “preface (n.)”, from late 14th century Old French preface, with the Latin praefatio outlined in red.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-de71818050265c58.png) **http://etymonline.com** corner, silly, preface, cockroach, protest, stable … ## Slide 59: Make your own corpus with TextSTAT Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-59 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-59.png ![Screenshot of the TextSTAT program window showing a concordance for the word “test” in a corpus of text files.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-d1d8ad421ca1d4db.png) **http://neon.niederlandistik.fu-berlin.de/en/textstat** ## Slide 60: Make your own corpus with AntConc Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-60 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-60.png ![Screenshot of the AntConc program window showing a concordance with the search term in the centre column of each line and tabs for Concordance, Concordance Plot, File View, Clusters, Collocates, Word List and Keyword List.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-bccf013591f381b5.png) **http://www.antlab.sci.waseda.ac.jp/software.html** ## Slide 61: Corpus in the classroom Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-61 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-61.png - teacher preparation - student discovery ## Slide 62: Teacher preparation Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-62 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-62.png - find relevant, common examples - prepare worksheets - check for exceptions - find out answers to student questions about rules and usage ## Slide 63: Student discovery Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-63 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-63.png - show search results to students to work out rules or word meanings - teach students how to search for questions - ask students to give each other puzzles for searching ## Slide 64: For heavy classroom use… Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-64 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-64.png register for group access to prevent spam lock out ![Screenshot of the corpus site's “Group access: request” form with fields for name, email, date, start time, time zone and corpora.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-93b7dada600c5b44.png) ## Slide 65: Corpus v dictionary Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-65 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-65.png ![Screenshot of a dictionary entry for “arrive” with its pronunciation and three numbered definitions.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-283cdd19be5edc9f.png) ![Screenshot of concordance lines for “arrive at” with the words after the phrase highlighted in colour.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-c3fc17ec4db6416a.png) ## Slide 66: Non-classroom corpus use Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-66 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-66.png - supplement dictionary - cross-word puzzles - check typical usage when writing ## Slide 67: Where to go next? Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-67 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-67.png ![Cover of “Using Corpora in the Language Learning Classroom: Corpus Linguistics for Teachers” by Gena R. Bennett.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-1a7f285df109dca6.jpeg) ![Cover of “From Corpus to Classroom: Language Use and Language Teaching” by Anne O'Keeffe, Michael McCarthy and Ronald Carter.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-506b3bddbb50948a.jpeg) ![Cover of “Words and Phrases: Corpus Studies of Lexical Semantics” by Michael Stubbs.](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/media/img-869a161284d7f8ce.jpeg) ## Slide 68: Thank you Cite: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers#section-68 · Original slide image: https://slides.dominiklukes.net/readers/using-online-corpus-for-literacy-teachers/pages/page-68.png Contact dlukes@dyslexiaaction.org.uk Collections: [Teaching and learning](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/?collection=teaching), [Linguistics, metaphor and cognition](https://slides.dominiklukes.net/?collection=linguistics)