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The hidden skills and knowledge gaps in hybrid teaching

Slide 1: The hidden skills and knowledge gaps in hybrid teaching

The hidden skills and knowledge gaps in hybrid teaching

[email protected]

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Slide 2: First things first!

First things first!

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Slide 3: What do I mean by: skills, knowledge and gap?

What do I mean by: skills, knowledge and gap?

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Slide 4: knowledge = mental model of how things work

knowledge = mental model of how things work

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Slide 5: skills = fluency of performance

skills = fluency of performance

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Slide 6: gap = difference between necessary and current state of knowledge and skills

gap = difference between necessary and current state of knowledge and skills

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Slide 7: Intuitive is not enough

Intuitive is not enough

Screenshot of an article on the UIE website, “What Makes a Design Seem ‘Intuitive’?” by Jared M. Spool, with the author's portrait and the opening paragraph, about a usability test in which a frustrated user claims to know exactly what is wrong with the interface.

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Slide 8: Slide 8

“we first have to look at how people understand the design in the first place. To do that, we need to look at the design’s knowledge space.”

-- Jared Spool

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Slide 9: Knowledge gap illustrated

Knowledge gap illustrated

Excerpt from an article by Jared Spool, “The Knowledge Gap is where design happens. We don’t need to design to the left of current knowledge point, because it’s all stuff the user already knows. And we don’t need to design stuff to the right of the target knowledge point, since the user won’t be needing that information (for this task, at least). We only need to design the interface for the space in between current knowledge and target knowledge.”, above a diagram of a long bar running from “No Knowledge” to “All Knowledge”, with the “Current Knowledge Point” and the “Target Knowledge Point” marked and the stretch between them labelled “The Knowledge Gap”.

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“The biggest challenge in making a design seem intuitive to users is learning where the current and target knowledge points are.”

-- Jared Spool

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Slide 11: Teams intuitive or not? How do you turn off together mode?

Teams intuitive or not? How do you turn off together mode?

Screenshot of the Microsoft Teams meeting menu opened from the three-dot button, listing Device settings, Show meeting notes, Meeting details, Gallery, Large gallery, Together mode (outlined in red), Focus, Apply background effects, Turn on live captions and Start recording.

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Slide 12: People don’t develop knowledge and skills in the same way.

People don’t develop knowledge and skills in the same way.

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Slide 13: Table of types of users

Table of types of users

Diagram on the slide's original page: a four-part quadrant. A vertical double arrow runs from “Just wants to know the steps” at the top to “Needs to understand principles” at the bottom, and a horizontal double arrow from “Wants to just try different things” on the left to “Wants to know exactly what to do” on the right. The numbered user types sit in the quadrants: 1 top right, 2 bottom right, 3 bottom left, 4 top left.

Axis labels on the slide: top “Just wants to know the steps”, bottom “Needs to understand principles”, left “Wants to just try different things”, right “Wants to know exactly what to do”.

  1. ‘Technophobe’ (just want it to work)
  2. Sys Admin (why change things that work)
  3. Hacker (in a good way, take it apart and put it back)
  4. Knows ‘just enough to be dangerous’

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Slide 14: Some hybrid mental models

Some hybrid mental models

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Slide 15: Mental models can help make sense of the needs.

Mental models can help make sense of the needs.

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Slide 16: Three levels of hybrid

Three levels of hybrid

  • Lecture / Mostly presentation with some questions (large audience)
    • Mostly Face to Face
      • Pointing a laptop with a Teams session at the presenter can be sufficient
    • Half and half
      • Two computer set up ideal with screen to display remote attendees
      • F2F attendees should bring laptops
    • Mostly remote
      • Pointing a laptop with a Teams session at the presenter can be sufficient
      • F2F attendees benefit from laptop
  • Seminar / Lab / Group work with presentations and questions (medium audience)
    • Mostly Face to Face
      • Ensure one F2F group has a laptop to integrate remote attendees
      • Focus on reporting back and integrating remote attendees
    • Half and half
      • Teaching assistant highly recommended
      • F2F attendees need laptops to integrate
      • Audio biggest concern. Consider purchasing Meeting OWL.
    • Mostly remote
      • One local group can work with laptop
      • Facilitator works with own laptop
  • Tutorial / meeting / Highly interactive for whole group (smaller size)
    • Mostly Face to Face
      • Single laptop should suffice
      • Consider purchasing an external noise cancelling USB microphone/speaker
    • Half and half
      • Single laptop should suffice
      • Projector recommended
      • Consider purchasing Meeting OWL
    • Mostly remote
      • Single laptop should suffice with F2F participants sitting side by side

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Slide 17: What do we need

What do we need

  • 2-3 External screens
  • 2 Computers
  • 2 Cameras
  • Microphone and speaker

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Slide 18: What we want to achieve

What we want to achieve

  • 2-3 External screens
    • Projector
    • Screen with participants for attendees
    • Screen with participants for presenter
  • 2 Computers
    • One as presenter
    • One to see participants
  • 2 Cameras
    • One for speaker
    • One for audience
  • Microphone and speaker
    • Noise canceling
    • Sensitive robust

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Slide 19: Good mental models can help make sense of seeming chaos.

Good mental models can help make sense of seeming chaos.

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Slide 20: A box of goodies. How to we sort it all out?

A box of goodies. How to we sort it all out?

Diagram on the slide's original page: an open cardboard box in the centre surrounded by scattered icons: projectors, cameras, a projector screen, laptops, monitors, a desktop computer, speakers, a microphone, a USB cable and a power plug in blue, and a lecturer at a lectern, a meeting screen with participants and three audience figures in red.

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Slide 21: The fundamental question - Who sees what?

The fundamental question - Who sees what?

  • Presenter
  • Local Participant
  • Remote participant

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Slide 22: Who sees who and what break down

Who sees who and what break down

Who sees \ WhatPresenterLocal ParticipantsRemote ParticipantsPresentation
PresenterThemselves on Teams with other participantsFace to face in the roomin Teams window on comfort monitorIn presenter mode on comfort monitor
Remote ParticipantIn Teams windowIn Teams window from Camera 2In Teams windowIn Teams window
Local ParticipantFace to face in the roomSees face to face in the roomSee on a screen facing them (optional)On a projector screen in the room

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Slide 23: Basic set up

Basic set up

Diagram on the slide's original page: the set-up drawn with icons. A speaker pair, a camera and a microphone at top left; a projector screen at top centre with a projector below it; a red lecturer at a lectern in the middle; two laptops; two blue monitors showing participant icons at left and right; a camera, three red audience figures and a red meeting screen along the bottom.

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Slide 24: What does it look like

What does it look like

Photograph of a seminar room: a projector screen showing the slide “Hybrid Set Up”, desks with a laptop and a speaker-and-camera unit, and a media cabinet, with four labelled arrows pointing at the equipment.

  • Projector and presenter laptop
  • Jabra speaker, camera and mic
  • Logitec MeetUP
  • Media cabinet with DELL and MacMini

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Slide 25: Another view

Another view

Photograph of the same seminar room from another side, with the projector screen showing “Hybrid Set Up”, the presenter's desk and four labelled arrows pointing at the equipment.

  • Projector and presenter laptop
  • Jabra speaker, camera and mic
  • Logitec MeetUP
  • Media cabinet with DELL and MacMini

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Slide 26: Two screens

Two screens

Photograph of two large monitors standing in a V shape on a wooden desk, with cables running behind them.

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Slide 27: Two computers and …

Two computers and …

Photograph of a small Dell computer and a Mac mini side by side on a shelf in a wooden cabinet.

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Slide 28: Projector or two

Projector or two

Photograph of a white Epson projector on a wooden desk, with its lamp lit.

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Slide 29: Power cables

Power cables

Photograph of tangled power and data cables and a power strip inside a wooden cabinet.

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Slide 30: Sometimes more straightforward propositional knowledge is helpful

Sometimes more straightforward propositional knowledge is helpful

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Slide 31: Microphone / Speaker / Camera Combinations

Microphone / Speaker / Camera Combinations

Jabra Panacast 50Logitech Meet upMeeting OWL ProJabra Meet 510
Description3 cameras / 180 view / Automatic speaker switching1 rotating camera / Speaker follow / 180 view / Remote control1 camera on top / 360 view / App to controlIntegrated USB microphone and speaker / No cameras
StrengthsBest quality speaker and micBuilt in stand / More portable / Good quality for smaller roomsCreates split screen with local attendees / All round view / Controllable through phoneNoise cancelling / Ideal for small rooms / Cheap
WeaknessesNo built in stand / Large and heavyNot as good speaker for large roomsNot as good microphone for large roomsSmall rooms only

Photograph of the Jabra PanaCast 50, a long bar-shaped conference camera and speaker.

Photograph of the Logitech MeetUp, a compact bar-shaped video conferencing camera.

Photograph of the Meeting Owl Pro, a tall cylindrical 360-degree camera and speaker.

Photograph of the Jabra Meet 510, a round speakerphone.

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Slide 32: Metaphors can also be mental models.

Metaphors can also be mental models.

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Slide 33: Pipes metaphor

Pipes metaphor

Everything digital is connected by some sort of a pipe through which information flows. Pipes have branches and gates.

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Slide 34: Addresses metaphor

Addresses metaphor

For your computer to find anything, it has to have a unique address. There has to be a path to that address and the address has a name. And the computer must have a procedure for following that path.

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Slide 35: Example of audio pipes and addresses

Example of audio pipes and addresses

Screenshot of the Windows sound menu “Select playback device”, listing ASUS VA24E (Intel(R) Display Audio), Speakers (Realtek High Definition Audio(SST)) highlighted, ASUS VA24E again and Speakers (Yeti Stereo Microphone).

Screenshot of a small Windows sound menu with Open Volume Mixer, Open Sound settings, Spatial sound (Off) and Troubleshoot sound problems.

Screenshot of a conferencing application's audio menu with “Select a Microphone” and “Select a Speaker” lists of devices (Yeti Stereo Microphone, USB Audio Device, ASUS VA24E, Realtek High Definition Audio and others), followed by Test Speaker & Microphone, Switch to Phone Audio, Leave Computer Audio and Audio Settings.

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Slide 36: Understanding echo source…

Understanding echo source…

Diagram on the slide's original page: two laptops, each with a pair of speakers and a microphone beneath it. Under the left laptop the speakers are red and the microphone is dark blue. Under the right laptop the speakers are dark blue and the microphone is red. A curved red arrow starts beneath the right-hand group and ends just below the left-hand microphone.

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Slide 37: … can help with echo resolution

… can help with echo resolution

Diagram on the slide's original page: two laptops, each with a speaker pair and a microphone beneath it. The pair under the left laptop is blue; the pair under the right laptop is red, and the right laptop's screen shows a camera-off and a microphone-off icon.

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Slide 38: But sometimes straightforward factual knowledge is necessary.

But sometimes straightforward factual knowledge is necessary.

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Slide 39: Teams does not always honour system settings

Teams does not always honour system settings

The slide's original page: three screenshots side by side. Left: the Windows volume slider, with the speaker icon at its left end crossed out for mute and circled in red, above the taskbar showing the time 09:58 and the date 12/01/2022 with the mouse pointer on the taskbar speaker icon. Middle: the Teams “Device settings” panel, with Audio devices Jabra SPEAK 410 USB, Speaker and Microphone both “Echo Cancelling Speakerphone…” and Noise suppression Auto (default); the speaker icon beside the speaker volume slider is not crossed out and is circled in red. Right: the same panel with the speaker icon crossed out and circled in red. In both panels a crossed-out microphone icon sits beside the microphone level bars.

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Slide 40: Some skills

Some skills

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Slide 41: Are radio DJs smarter than university lecturers?

Are radio DJs smarter than university lecturers?

Photograph of a radio studio desk with a laptop showing audio software, mixing desks and equipment racks, and a newspaper.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND

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Slide 42: Chunks and shortcuts can let us manage complex situations.

Chunks and shortcuts can let us manage complex situations.

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Slide 43: Targeted (deliberate) practice can help develop chunks.

Targeted (deliberate) practice can help develop chunks.

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Slide 44: Think of this as learning a foreign language. Simply knowing the words and rules is not enough!

Think of this as learning a foreign language. Simply knowing the words and rules is not enough!

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Slide 45: Developing fluency with these tasks can help.

Developing fluency with these tasks can help.

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Slide 46: Skills

Skills

  • Use multiple monitors
    • Win-P
    • Win-Shift-→
    • Drag
  • Switch between windows
    • Alt-TAB / Command tab
  • Teams Features
    • Screen share

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Slide 47: Set up many monitors Win - P

Set up many monitors Win - P

Screenshot of the Windows Project menu with four options: PC screen only, Duplicate, Extend (highlighted) and Second screen only.

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Slide 48: Send current window to another monitor

Send current window to another monitor

The slide's original page: at the top, part of a keyboard with the shift key and the Windows key each outlined in red; below it a plus sign and the left, up, down and right arrow keys, with the left and right arrow keys outlined in green.

Outlined in red: the shift key and the Windows key. Outlined in green: the left and right arrow keys. A plus sign separates the two groups.

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Slide 49: Win/Alt/Cmd Tab to reveal memory

Win/Alt/Cmd Tab to reveal memory

The slide's original page: two parts of a keyboard side by side. On the left the tab key is outlined in green and the Windows key in red. On the right the tab key is outlined in green and the alt key in red.

Left keyboard: tab outlined in green, Windows key outlined in red. Right keyboard: tab outlined in green, alt key outlined in red.

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Slide 50: Switch between Windows with Alt-TAB

Switch between Windows with Alt-TAB

Screenshot of the Windows Alt-Tab task switcher showing thumbnails of open windows, including PowerPoint Slide Show, Hybrid Set Up at CTL, Remoteteach Helpdesk, An introduction to Tutor, Feedback in classes, ALT MPLS M121 - Feedback, two Ally Course Accessibility windows and Microsoft To Do.

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Slide 51: Alt-Tab view on Windows

Alt-Tab view on Windows

The slide's original page: a screenshot of the Windows Alt-Tab task switcher showing many open windows, with part of a keyboard drawn over its right side; the tab key is outlined in green and the Windows key in red.

On the keyboard drawn over the screenshot, the tab key is outlined in green and the Windows key in red.

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Slide 52: Summary of keyboard shortcuts

Summary of keyboard shortcuts

Alt-TabSwitch between open windows
Win-PSwitch between mirroring and extending screen to multiple monitors
Win-Shift-Left ArrowSwitch active window between monitors

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Slide 53: Transferring mental models into fluent actions is also necessary.

Transferring mental models into fluent actions is also necessary.

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Slide 54: Pick the right kind of sharing

Pick the right kind of sharing

Screenshot of the Teams “Share content” panel, with Presenter mode options and Screen, Window, Microsoft Whiteboard and PowerPoint Live sections.

  • Everything on screen
  • Just one window
  • PPT Within Teams

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Slide 55: Understand which window to share

Understand which window to share

Screenshot of the Teams share-window list: Meeting with Dominik Lukes | Microsoft Teams, Hybrid Set Up at CTL.pptx - PowerPoint Presenter View, PowerPoint Slide Show - Hybrid Set Up at CTL.pptx, and Hybrid Set Up at CTL.pptx - PowerPoint.

  • Presenter view
  • Slide show
  • PowerPoint

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Slide 56: Expecting things to ‘just work’ is like expecting cars to ‘just drive’.

Expecting things to ‘just work’ is like expecting cars to ‘just drive’.

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Slide 57: This requires deliberate practice

This requires deliberate practice

[email protected] | @techczech

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